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Prävalenz der Refraktionsfehler bei Patienten mit akutem primärem Winkelblock

The prevalence of refractive errors in patients with acute primary angle-closure

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Weitsichtigkeit stellt einen Risikofaktor für zahlreiche Komplikationen dar, insbesondere bei Patienten mit starker Weitsichtigkeit und Nanophthalmus. Zu den klinischen Merkmalen gehören kurze Achsellänge, flache Vorderkammer, hohes Linse/Auge Volumenverhältnis und verdickte Sklera. Alle diese Merkmale könnten für das erhöhte Risiko eines akuten primären Winkelblocks verantwortlich sein. Das Ziel unserer Studie liegt darin, Refraktionsfehler bei Patienten mit akutem primärem Winkelblock zu ermitteln, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Weitsichtigkeit als ein zusätzliches Risiko.

Methode

Retrospektiv wurden medizinische Unterlagen aller Patienten mit akutem primärem Winkelblock, die zwischen dem 1. Januar 2007 und dem 1. Januar 2012 in unsere Abteilung aufgenommen wurden, überprüft. Refraktionsfehler wurden mittels eines Autorefraktometers gemessen. Das sphärische Äquivalent (SE, Summe aus Sphäre und Zylinder) wurde als Maß für Refraktionsfehler angewandt.

Resultate

21 Augen von 19 Patienten wurden in die Studie einbezogen. Zwei Patienten (10,5 %) waren männlich und 17 weiblich (89,5 %). Das Verhältnis Frauen/Männer betrug 8,5:1. Das Durchschnittsalter der Patienten war 68,2 Jahre (von 50 bis 88 Jahre). Bei 17 von 19 Patienten (89,5 %) war der akute Winkelblock einseitig und bei 2 Patienten beidseitig (10,5 %) ausgeprägt. Die Mehrheit der Patienten war zwischen 65 und 69 Jahre alt (6 von 19, 31,6 %). 14 von 19 Patienten (73,7 %) waren zwischen 60 und 79 Jahre alt. Nur 3 Patienten (15,8 %) waren unter 60 Jahre alt und nur 2 Patienten (10,6 %) waren älter als 80 Jahre. Die durchschnittliche beste korrigierte Sehschärfe bei der Aufnahme betrug 0,29 (von Lichtwahrnehmung und Lichtprojektion bis 1,0 mit Gesichtsfelddefekten) und bei der Entlassung 0,54 (von Lichtwahrnehmung und Lichtprojektion bis 1,0). Der durchschnittliche intraokulare Druck war 52,9 mm Hg bei der Aufnahme (von 40 bis 75) und bei der Entlassung 12,9 mm Hg (von 8 bis 19). Von den 21 Augen waren 5 Augen (23,8 %) myopisch, 3 Augen (14,2 %) waren emmetrop und 13 Augen (61,9 %) waren hyperop. Das durchschnittliche sphärische Äquivalent war + 1,57D. Unter den hyperopen Augen betrug das durchschnittliche sphärische Äquivalent + 2,83D (von + 0,50D bis+ 7,0D). In 4 von 13 Augen (30,8 %) lag das sphärische Äquivalent bei+ 2,0 und + 3,0D und in 4 von 13 Augen (30,8 %) lag es bei +3,0 und + 4,0D. Bei der Mehrheit der Augen (8 von 13, 61,6 %) lag der Wert des sphärischen Äquivalents zwischen + 2,0 und + 4,0. Nur in 2 Augen (15,3 %) lag das sphärische Äquivalent bei mehr als 5D. 21 Augen wurden einer Laseriridotomie unterzogen, wobei das durchschnittliche Intervall zwischen Aufnahme und Laseriridotomie 2,1 Tage betrug (von 0 bis 8 Tagen), zum Großteil wurde sie am ersten Tag durchgeführt (7 von 21, 33,3 %). Während der ersten drei Tage wurden 85,7 % der Augen (18 von 21) behandelt.

Schlussfolgerungen

Patienten mit einer mäßigen Weitsichtigkeit, die älter als 60 Jahre alt sind, sollten über das Risiko eines akuten primären Winkelblock und der Bedeutung einer regelmäßigen Augenuntersuchung informiert werden.

Summary

Background

Hyperopia is a risk factor for several complications, especially in patients with extreme hyperopia and nanophthalmos. Clinical features of these eyes are short axial length, shallow anterior chamber, high lens/eye volume ratio and thickened sclera. All these can account for increased risk for non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), acute primary angle-closure and is associated with high incidence of intra and postoperative complications during cataract surgery. The aim of our study was to review refractive errors of acute primary angle-closure patients, especially with regard to hyperopia as additional risk.

Methods

Medical records of detailed ophthalmic examination of all patients with acute primary angle-closure who were admitted to our department between 1 January 2007 and 1 January 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Refractive errors were measured with an autorefractometer. Spherical equivalent (SE, sum of sphere and cylinder) was used as a measure of refractive error.

Results

The eyes of 21 of 19 patients with acute primary angle-closure were enrolled in the study. Two patients (10.5 %) were male and 17 patients were female (89.5 %), with a female/male ratio of 8,5:1.The mean age of our patients was 68.2 years (ranging from 50 to 88 years). In 17 of 19 patients (89.5 %) the acute angle-closure was unilateral and in 2 patients bilateral (10.5 %). The majority of the patients was between 65 and 69 years of age (6 of 19, 31.6 %). There were 14 of 19 patients (73.7 %) between 60 and 79 years old. Only 3 patients (15.8 %) were under 60 years and only 2 patients (10.6 %) more than 80 years of age. The average best corrected visual acuity at admission was 0.29 (ranging from light projection to 1.0 with defects in visual field) and at dismissal 0.54 (ranging from light projection to 1.0). The average intraocular pressure (IOP) was 52.9 mm Hg at admission (ranging from 40 to 75) and at dismissal 12.9 mm Hg (ranging from 8 to 19). From 21 eyes, 5 eyes were myopic (23.8 %), 3 eyes were emmetropic (14.2 %) and 13 eyes hyperopic (61.9 %). The average SE was + 1.57D. Among hyperopic eyes the average SE was + 2,83D (ranging from + 0.50D to + 7,0D). The SE between + 2,0 and + 3,0D was found in 4 eyes of 13 (30,8 %) and between + 3,0 and + 4,0D in 4 eyes of 13 (30,8 %). The majority of the eyes, 8 of 13 (61.6 %) were between + 2.0 and + 4,0 of SE. Only in 2 eyes (15.3 %) SE was more than 5D. Laser iridothomy was performed in 21 eyes, the average time interval between admission and laser iridothomy was 2.1 days (from 0 to 8 days), in mostly cases, on the first day (7 of 21, 33.3 %). In the first 3 days 85.7 % of the eyes (18 of 21) were treated.

Conclusion

The patients over sixty with moderate hyperopia should be informed about the risk of acute primary angle-closure and the importance of regular ophtalmic examination.

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Pahor, D., Gračner, T. Prävalenz der Refraktionsfehler bei Patienten mit akutem primärem Winkelblock. Spektrum Augenheilkd. 28, 84–92 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00717-014-0210-0

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