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Hybridprothetische Versorgungsmöglichkeiten des atrophierten zahnlosen Unterkiefers mit 2 versus 4 Implantaten – eine Literaturrecherche

Hybrid prosthetic suprastructures in edentulous mandible with 2 versus 4 Implants – a literature review

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Stomatologie

Summary

In the rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible, removable implant-retained overdenture represents a viable treatment. The purpose of this report is to review the literature addressing diverse aspects of knowledge in edentulous mandible treatment with hybrid prosthetic suprastructure and if possible to recommend a treatment concept. Numerous studies and case reports have described the outcome results of dental implants in the edentulous mandible, but there have been few prospective studies designed as randomized clinical trials that compare different treatment modalities. Therefore, it is not yet possible to recommend an evidence-based treatment concept. Conclusions for treatment of edentulous mandible with hybrid prosthetic suprastructure, based of the information presented in this report, are as follows:

  1. 1.

    Decisive for an insertion of 2 or 4 implants, we have to consider the physical and morphologic conditions as well as individual aspects like esthetic, function and the financial situation.

  2. 2.

    Two implants are considered the minimum number necessary for the prosthesis stability in the edentulous mandible. This concept simplifies the treatment and the hygiene. From the biomechanical view the rotational movement of the prosthesis can be critical.

  3. 3.

    Advantages of a construction with 4 implants are a higher convenience, a stable fit of the denture and the opportunity of an immediate loading. Also the possibility of an extension of the construction after a loss of an implant is significant.

Zusammenfassung

Der zahnlose atrophierte Unterkiefer spielt in der Implantologie eine wichtige Rolle. Mit Hilfe relativ einfacher implantologischer Maßnahmen ist eine kau- und sprachfunktionelle Rehabilitation durch eine Lagestabilisierung des Zahnersatzes möglich. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war, mit Hilfe der Literaturrecherche über dieses, auch kostenpolitisch sehr wichtige Thema, von verschiedenen Seiten zu diskutieren und daraus evtl. eine Empfehlung für die hybrid-prothetische Behandlung des zahnlosen Unterkiefers herzuleiten. Die Evaluation der Literatur ergab zwar eine große Anzahl an Publikationen mit Fallbeschreibungen und Überlebensraten, jedoch gibt es nur wenige prospektive randomisierte klinische Studien, die unterschiedliche Behandlungskonzepte im zahnlosen Unterkiefer verglichen. Auch für den periimplantären Knochenabbau konnten keine signifikanten Unterschiede bei Versorgungen mit 2 versus 4 Implantaten gezeigt werden. Daher ist zum jetztigen Zeitpunkt eine Evidence-basierte Aussage für ein bestimmtes Behandlunskonzept nicht möglich. Bei allen Beschränkungen, die der Interpretation der Untersuchung auferlegt sind, können jedoch trotzdem folgende Aussagen bezüglich der implantatgestützten zahnlosen Unterkiefertotalprothese getroffen werden, die im Aufklärungsgespräch mit dem Patienten Berücksichtigung finden sollten.

  1. 1.

    Für die Entscheidung, 2 oder 4 Implantate zu inserieren, müssen neben dem Allgemeinbefund und den morphologischen Voraussetzungen individuelle Aspekte wie ästhetische, funktionelle und finanzielle Gesichtspunkte Berücksichtigung finden.

  2. 2.

    Zur Stabilisierung einer Prothese im zahnlosen Unterkiefer sind 2 Implantate als einfachste und kostengünstigste Versorgung ausreichend. Diese Konstruktion ist für den Patienten bezüglich der Mundhygiene einfach zu pflegen und die Operationsbelastung ist auf ein Minimum reduziert. Nachteile dieser Versorgung sind jedoch die höhere Beweglichkeit und Instabilität der Prothese im dorsalen Bereich.

  3. 3.

    Vorteile der Versorgung mit 4 Implantaten sind neben des höheren Tragekomforts der stabile Sitz der Prothese sowie die Möglichkeit einer Sofortversorgung. Auch die Erweiterbarkeit der Konstruktion bei Verlust eines Implantates ist von erheblicher Bedeutung.

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Correspondence to Ali-Reza Ketabi.

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A.-R. Ketabi, Gemeinschaftspraxis Dr. Dirk Vasel/ Dr. Ali-Reza Ketabi, Epplestr. 29 a, 70597 Stuttgart (Degerloch), Deutschland

C. Foitzik, Nieder-Ramstädterstr. 18-20, 64283 Darmstadt, Deutschland

J. Willer, Donau-Universität Krems, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, 3500 Krems, Österreich

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Ketabi, AR., Foitzik, C., Willer, J. et al. Hybridprothetische Versorgungsmöglichkeiten des atrophierten zahnlosen Unterkiefers mit 2 versus 4 Implantaten – eine Literaturrecherche. Stomatologie 106, 109–118 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00715-009-0097-6

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