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Petrogenesis of mafic dykes from the western Bastar craton of Central India and their relation to outgrowth of Columbia supercontinent

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Abstract

We report mineral compositions and bulk rock geochemistry of mafic dykes intruded in the western part of Bastar craton, comprising of Archaean Amgaon Group and Proterozoic Dongargarh Supergroup of rocks. Field relations show two distinct trends of these dykes which are almost perpendicular to each other but having similar mineralogical and geochemical characteristics. Dykes are mostly composed of pyroxenes, plagioclase and subordinate amount of amphiboles and Fe-Ti oxides (magnetite and ilmenite). These hypersthene normative basaltic dykes show tholeiitic trend and are characterised by narrow compositional variations of MgO (6.06–7.08 wt%), FeOt (15.06–17.78 wt%), TiO2 (1.18–2.24 wt%), Al2O3 (11.96–15.54 wt%) and low Mg# [atomic Mg/(Mg + Fe2+) × 100] values in the range of 37–48. Low loss on ignition (LOI) values <2 wt% and significant trends of trace elements (Nb, La, Th, Sr) with Zr indicate insignificant effects of post magmatic processes in these dykes. Smooth correlations between major oxides and MgO, among trace element ratios (Ce/La, Th/Yb, Nb/Yb) and negative Nb-Ta anomalies without positive Zr and Hf anomalies negate the crustal contamination effects. The correlations of compatible (e.g. Cr, Ni) and incompatible (e.g. Ba, Rb) elements show involvement of both fractional crystallisation and partial melting processes in their formation. Flat heavy rare earth element (HREE) pattern with low (Tb/Yb)n values reveal their genesis from a mantle source without involvement of garnet and geochemical models suggested in the present study indicate melting from spinel lherzolite mantle source. Strong geochemical similarities of present dykes with those of earlier reported Lakhna (1.46 Ga) and Bandimal (1.42 Ga) dykes of northern Bastar craton suggest a widespread mafic magmatic event across the Bastar craton during 1.42–1.46 Ga. Present dykes therefore represent a subduction related outgrowth of Columbia supercontinent due to the accretion of continental margins.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to Acme Analytical Laboratories Ltd., Vancouver, Canada for the whole rock analysis. We thank Rajesh Srivastava and an anonymous reviewer as well as Associate Editor Friedrich Koller and Editor-in-Chief Lutz Nasdala for their constructive comments that helped to improve the manuscript. BH is grateful to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, for financial assistance. DBM is thankful to University Grants Commission –Special Assistance Programme- Departmental Research Support (UGC-SAP-DRS) for partial financial assistance.

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  1. Department of Geology, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Law College square, Amravati road, Nagpur, 440001, India

    Biswajit Hazarika & Deepak B. Malpe

  2. Department of Geology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India

    Ashish Dongre

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  1. Biswajit Hazarika
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  2. Deepak B. Malpe
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  3. Ashish Dongre
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Correspondence to Deepak B. Malpe.

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Hazarika, B., Malpe, D.B. & Dongre, A. Petrogenesis of mafic dykes from the western Bastar craton of Central India and their relation to outgrowth of Columbia supercontinent. Miner Petrol 114, 243–262 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-020-00695-y

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