Abstract
The endosperm is an essential part of wheat grains, and the accumulation of amyloplasts in endosperm determines the quality of wheat. Because waxy wheat has a special starch quality, there is a need to understand differences in endosperm and starch morphologies among waxy wheat cultivars. This study investigated differences in the endosperm and amyloplasts of two near-isogenic lines (Shimai19-P and Shimai19-N) and the wheat cultivar Shimai19 during various growth stages using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. At 8 days after pollination (DAP), with endosperm development, the amyloplast distributions in the different endosperm regions of the three wheat varieties were in the following order: center of ventral endosperm > subaleurone of ventral endosperm > center of dorsal endosperm > modified aleurone > subaleurone of dorsal endosperm. At 16 DAP, small amyloplasts appeared in the endosperm cells in all three wheat cultivars; subsequently, endosperm cell development until maturity was more rapid in Shimai19-N than in the other varieties. This study revealed variations in amyloplast accumulation among endosperm regions and waxy wheat varieties during wheat grain development, which improved the understanding of nutrient accumulation and nutrient transfer of wheat grains.
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The data underlying this article will be shared on reasonable request to the corresponding author.
Abbreviations
- AL:
-
Aleurone
- ATC:
-
Aleurone transfer cell
- Am:
-
Amyloplast
- CDE:
-
Center of dorsal endosperm
- CR:
-
Crease
- CV:
-
Central vacuole
- CVE:
-
Center of ventral endosperm
- DAP:
-
Days after pollination
- EC:
-
Endosperm cavity
- En:
-
Endosperm
- MA:
-
Modified aleurone
- NP:
-
Nucellar projection
- Nu:
-
Nucleus
- Pe:
-
Pericarp
- SVE:
-
Subaleurone of ventral endosperm
- SDE:
-
Subaleurone of dorsal endosperm
- Va:
-
Vacuole
- VB:
-
Vascular bundle
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Funding
This study is supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China, Project No. ZR2019MC032, by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, China, Project No. 31271667, and by Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Grant No. 2019KF06.
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Liu, J., Zhu, Y., Yang, K. et al. Endosperm and amyloplast development in waxy wheat cultivars. Protoplasma 261, 197–212 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-023-01889-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-023-01889-9