Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) plays an important role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reducing photoinhibition in plants, especially under stress. The function of SlGGP which encodes the key enzyme GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase in AsA synthetic pathway is relatively clear. However, there is another gene SlGGP-LIKE that encodes this enzyme in tomato, and there are few studies on it, especially under salt stress. In this study, we explored the function of this gene in tomato salt stress response using transgenic lines overexpressing SlGGP-LIKE (OE). Under normal conditions, overexpressing SlGGP-LIKE can increase the content of reduced AsA and the ratio of AsA/ DHA (dehydroascorbic acid), as well as the level of xanthophyll cycle. Under salt stress, compared with the wild-type plants (WT), the OE lines can maintain higher levels of reduced AsA. In addition, OE lines also have higher levels of reduced GSH (glutathione) and total GSH, higher ratios of AsA/DHA and GSH/oxidative GSH (GSSR), and higher level of xanthophyll cycle. Therefore, the OE lines are more tolerant to salt stress, with higher photosynthetic activity, higher antioxidative enzyme activities, higher content of D1 protein, lower production rate of ROS, and lighter membrane damage. These results indicate that overexpressing SlGGP-LIKE can enhance tomato resistance to salt stress through promoting the synthesis of AsA.
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Abbreviations
- A:
-
Antheraxanthin
- APX:
-
Ascorbic acid peroxidase
- CAT:
-
Catalase
- DHA:
-
Dehydroascorbic acid
- Fv/Fm:
-
The maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII
- GDP:
-
Guanosine 5′-diphosphate
- GGP:
-
GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase
- GR:
-
Glutathione reductase
- GSH:
-
Glutathione
- GSSH:
-
Oxidized glutathione
- MDA:
-
Malondialdehyde
- NADPH:
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- O2 •− :
-
Superoxide anion radical
- OE:
-
Overexpression
- Pn:
-
Net photosynthetic rate
- POD:
-
Peroxidase
- PSII:
-
Photosystem II
- REC:
-
Relative electric conductivity
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SOD:
-
Superoxidase dismutas
- V:
-
Violaxanthin
- VDE:
-
Violaxanthin de-epoxidase
- WT:
-
Wild-type
- Z:
-
Zeaxanthin
- ZEP:
-
Zeaxanthin epoxidase
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Funding
This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2019BC069), Major Project of Science and Technology of Shandong Province (2022CXGC010605), Modern Agricultural Technology System of Shandong Province (SDAIT-06–14), and Scientific Research Guidance Fund of Shandong Academy of Grape (SDAG2021B01).
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Yang, DY., Zhuang, KY. & Ma, NN. Overexpression of SlGGP-LIKE gene enhanced the resistance of tomato to salt stress. Protoplasma 260, 625–635 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-022-01800-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-022-01800-y