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Nutritionally rich biochemical profile in essential oil of various Mentha species and their antimicrobial activities

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Abstract

The Mentha species of family Lamiaceae are famous for their flavor and are commercially used in many food products worldwide. They are widely used to cure digestive problems as well as a natural source of antioxidants and antimicrobials. In this report, the essential oils (EOs) of five Mentha species, namely Mentha citrata, Mentha x piperita, Mentha pulegium, Mentha spicata, and Mentha suaveolens were extracted and their chemical diversity was investigated through gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). The differential doses (5, 10, and 15 µl) of EOs were tested for antimicrobial potential against two gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), five gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and a fungal strain (Candida albicans). The GC–MS results revealed the major components in the EOs were Carvone, Linalool, Hotrienol, Menthol, Isopulegone, Furanone, Piperitone, and Thymol. Moreover, the higher dose (15 µl) of EOs of M. citrata inhibited the growth of S. typhi and C. albicans (35.8 ± 2.4 and 35.2 ± 2.5 mm), M. x piperita inhibited E. coli, B. subtilis, and C. albicans (28.5 ± 3.5, 26.1 ± 2.1, and 25.4 ± 1.1 mm), M. pulegium inhibited K. pneumoniae, B. subtilis, and C. albicans (26.8 ± 1.8, 24.2 ± 2.2, and 25.3 ± 0.9 mm), M. spicata significantly inhibited S. typhi and B. subtilis (35.7 ± 2.7 and 36.3 ± 2.1 mm), and M. suaveolens inhibited K. pneumoniae, C. albicans, and S. typhi (30.8 ± 1.9, 26.9 ± 1.1, and 20.1 ± 0.8 mm) respectively. This study concluded that the EOs of M. citrata was effective against S. typhi and C. albicans. The M. x piperita exhibited strong activities against E. coli, B. subtilis, and C. albicans. Furthermore, the M. pulegium strongly inhibited the growth of K. pneumoniae and C. albicans. The EO of M. spicata was more potent against S. typhi and B. subtilis, while the M. suaveolens was comparatively more effective against S. typhi, K. pneumoniae, and C. albicans. These EOs offer a natural source of antimicrobial agents with high commercial values and social acceptance and could be scale up by food and pharmaceutical industries to control pathogenic diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan

    Hina Fazal, Muhammad Akram, Muhammad Qaisar, Farina Kanwal, Gohar Rehman & Irfan Ullah

  2. Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, 19200, Pakistan

    Nisar Ahmad

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  1. Hina Fazal
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Hina Fazal (HF), Muhammad Akram (MA), and Nisar Ahmad (NA): designed the whole experimental work and wrote the initial manuscript; Muhammad Qaisar (MQ): supervision; Farina Kanwal (FK): methodology; Gohar Rehman: help in data interpretation; Irfan Ullah (IU): help in data acquisition; and Nisar Ahmad (NA): finalize the manuscript for submission.

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Fazal, H., Akram, M., Ahmad, N. et al. Nutritionally rich biochemical profile in essential oil of various Mentha species and their antimicrobial activities. Protoplasma 260, 557–570 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-022-01799-2

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