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Analysis of chloroplast differences in leaves of rice isonuclear alloplasmic lines

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Abstract

The chloroplast being an important organelle of plant cells could possibly be associated with plant cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). To better understand the correlation between (CMS) and chloroplast, we presented a comprehensive analysis based on the changes of photosynthetic parameters, chloroplasts ultrastructure, soluble sugar and starch content, the relative expression of sugar and starch metabolism genes, and chloroplast genome in rice isonuclear alloplasmic CMS lines at the flowering stage. Leaf gas exchange parameters did not affect by CMS lines (M2BS and M2A), although intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) was influenced in both M2BS and M2A. Ultrastructural observation results indicated that many starch granules were observed in the chloroplast of CMS lines, especially bigger size in M2BS, while few ones in M2B. Only the chloroplasts of M2A contained some additional number of lipoids compared with those of the other two lines (M2B and M2BS). Soluble sugar and starch contents in CMS lines (M2BS and M2A) were significantly higher than those in maintainer line (M2B) (p < 0.01). The relative expression of sugar and starch metabolism genes indicated the imbalance of starch and sugar synthesis and decomposition may lead to accumulation of starch granules and demonstrated the presence of cytoplasmic effects. Moreover, chloroplast genome sequencing results showed similarity in both CMS lines, which revealed different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion/deletion (InDels) models compared with their maintainer line. Those models were located in psbD, rpoC2, rpl33, psbB, ndhA, ndhH, and intergenic regions. These findings, aligned with the possible association of CMS characteristics with cpDNA and genetically close relationship among both CMS lines, may contribute for future research.

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Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171600, 31360348).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China

    Danfeng Tang, Fan Wei, Muhammad Haneef Kashif, Aziz Khan, Zengqiang Li, Qiqi Shi, Ruixing Jia, Hongying Xie, Li Zhang, Bin Li, Peng Chen & Ruiyang Zhou

  2. Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China

    Danfeng Tang, Fan Wei, Muhammad Haneef Kashif, Aziz Khan, Zengqiang Li, Qiqi Shi, Ruixing Jia, Hongying Xie, Li Zhang, Bin Li, Peng Chen & Ruiyang Zhou

  3. Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China

    Fan Wei

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  1. Danfeng Tang
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  2. Fan Wei
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  3. Muhammad Haneef Kashif
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  12. Ruiyang Zhou
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Contributions

TDF performed the experiments and wrote the manuscript. WF, MHK, and AK performed cytological observation and data analysis, and revised the manuscript. CP, LZQ, and SQQ compared the gas exchanges. JRX, ZL, LB, and XHY helped perform the determination of C/N ratio. ZRY designed and guided the experiments, and revised the manuscript. All the authors agreed on the contents of the paper.

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Correspondence to Ruiyang Zhou.

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Tang, D., Wei, F., Kashif, M.H. et al. Analysis of chloroplast differences in leaves of rice isonuclear alloplasmic lines. Protoplasma 255, 863–871 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-017-1189-6

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