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Pollen wall ontogeny in Polemonium caeruleum (Polemoniaceae) and suggested underlying mechanisms of development

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Abstract

By a detailed ontogenetic study of Polemonium caeruleum pollen, tracing each stage of development at high TEM resolution, we aim to understand the establishment of the pollen wall and to unravel the mechanisms underlying sporoderm development. The main steps of exine ontogeny in Polemonium caeruleum, observed in the microspore periplasmic space, are spherical units, gradually transforming into columns, then to rod-like units (procolumellae), the appearance of the initial tectum, growth of columellae in height and tectum in thickness and initial sporopollenin accumulation on them, the appearance of the endexine lamellae and of dark-contrasted particles on the tectum, the appearance of a sponge-like layer and of the intine in aperture sites, the appearance of the foot layer on the base of the sponge-like layer and of spinules on the tectum, and massive sporopollenin accumulation. This sequence of developmental events fits well to the sequence of self-assembling micellar mesophases. This gives (together with earlier findings and experimental exine simulations) strong evidence that genome and self-assembly probably share control of exine formation. It is highly probable that self-assembly is an intrinsic instrument of evolution.

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Abbreviations

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

RER:

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

SAPs:

SP-acceptor particles

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

TEM:

Transmission electron microscope

SP:

Sporopollenin

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Acknowledgements

This work was partly supported by grant no. 17-04-00517 of Russian Foundation for Basic Research for Nina Gabarayeva (chemicals) and partly provided in the framework of institutional research project of the Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (using equipment of The Core Facility Center “Cell and Molecular Technologies in Plant Science”). The authors wish to thank Dr. F. Bruce Sampson for some comments and suggested improvements to the English. Our special thanks to our anonymous reviewers.

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  1. Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Popov St. 2, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Valentina V. Grigorjeva & Nina Gabarayeva

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  1. Valentina V. Grigorjeva
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  2. Nina Gabarayeva
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Contributions

Conceptualization: N.G.; Methodology: N.G., V. G.; Investigation: N.G., V.G.; Righting original draft, review and editing: N.G.; Funding acquisition: N.G.; Resources: V.G.; Supervision: N.G.

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Correspondence to Nina Gabarayeva.

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Grigorjeva, V.V., Gabarayeva, N. Pollen wall ontogeny in Polemonium caeruleum (Polemoniaceae) and suggested underlying mechanisms of development. Protoplasma 255, 109–128 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-017-1121-0

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