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Salinity-induced inhibition of growth in the aquatic pteridophyte Azolla microphylla primarily involves inhibition of photosynthetic components and signaling molecules as revealed by proteome analysis

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Abstract

Salinity stress causes adverse physiological and biochemical changes in the growth and productivity of a plant. Azolla, a symbiotic pteridophyte and potent candidate for biofertilizer due to its nitrogen fixation ability, shows reduced growth and nitrogen fixation during saline stress. To better understand regulatory components involved in salinity-induced physiological changes, in the present study, Azolla microphylla plants were exposed to NaCl (6.74 and 8.61 ds/m) and growth, photochemical reactions of photosynthesis, ion accumulation, and changes in cellular proteome were studied. Maximum dry weight was accumulated in control and untreated plant while a substantial decrease in dry weight was observed in the plants exposed to salinity. Exposure of the organism to different concentrations of salt in hydroponic conditions resulted in differential level of Na+ and K+ ion accumulation. Comparative analysis of salinity-induced proteome changes in A. microphylla revealed 58 salt responsive proteins which were differentially expressed during the salt exposure. Moreover, 42 % spots among differentially expressed proteins were involved in different signaling events. The identified proteins are involved in photosynthesis, energy metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, protein synthesis, and defense. Downregulation of these key metabolic proteins appears to inhibit the growth of A. microphylla in response to salinity. Altogether, the study revealed that in Azolla, increased salinity primarily affected signaling and photosynthesis that in turn leads to reduced biomass.

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Acknowledgments

Financial assistance (SR/SO/PS/0077/2010) from the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, is gratefully acknowledged. Preeti Thagela acknowledges the Junior and Senior Research Fellowship from SERB. Help rendered by Prof. N.K. Singh, NRCPB, New Delhi in conducting the MALDI-TOF analysis is thankfully acknowledged. We acknowledge Division of Microbiology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, for providing necessary facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Conservation and Utilization of BGA, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Preeti Thagela, Ravindra Kumar Yadav & Gerard Abraham

  2. NRCPB, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Vagish Mishra

  3. Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Anil Dahuja

  4. Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India

    Altaf Ahmad

  5. Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, U.P., India

    Pawan Kumar Singh

  6. School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, University and Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, 382007, Gujrat, India

    Budhi Sagar Tiwari

  7. Centre for Conservation and Utilization of BGA, CCUBGA, NEAR AUDITORIUM, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Gerard Abraham

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  1. Preeti Thagela
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Thagela, P., Yadav, R.K., Mishra, V. et al. Salinity-induced inhibition of growth in the aquatic pteridophyte Azolla microphylla primarily involves inhibition of photosynthetic components and signaling molecules as revealed by proteome analysis. Protoplasma 254, 303–313 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-016-0946-2

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