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Pea aphid infestation induces changes in flavonoids, antioxidative defence, soluble sugars and sugar transporter expression in leaves of pea seedlings

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Abstract

The perception of aphid infestation induces highly coordinated and sequential defensive reactions in plants at the cellular and molecular levels. The aim of the study was to explore kinetics of induced antioxidative defence responses in leaf cells of Pisum sativum L.cv. Cysterski upon infestation of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum at varying population sizes, including accumulation of flavonoids, changes of carbon metabolism, and expression of nuclear genes involved in sugar transport. Within the first 96 h, after A. pisum infestation, flavonoid accumulation and increased peroxidase activity were observed in leaves. The level of pisatin increased after 48 h of infestation and reached a maximum at 96 h. At this time point, a higher concentration of flavonols was observed in the infested tissue than in the control. Additionally, strong post-infestation accumulation of chalcone synthase (CHS) and isoflavone synthase (IFS) transcription products was also found. The levels of sucrose and fructose in 24-h leaves infested by 10, 20, and 30 aphids were significantly lower than in the control. Moreover, in leaves infested by 30 aphids, the reduced sucrose level observed up to 48 h was accompanied by a considerable increase in the expression level of the PsSUT1 gene encoding the sucrose transporter. In conclusion, A. pisum infestation on pea leads to stimulation of metabolic pathways associated with defence.

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Abbreviations

ABTS+ :

The 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) cation

CHS:

Chalcone synthase

DPBA:

Diphenylboric acid 2-aminoethyl ester

G:

Gram

Hpi:

Hours post infestation

IFS:

Isoflavone synthase

LC/UV/ESI/MS/MS:

Liquid chromatography/ultraviolet detection/electrospray/mass spectrometry (tandem mass spectrometry)

POX:

Peroxidase

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SUT1:

Sucrose transporter

SUF1, SUF4:

Sucrose facilitators

SWEETs:

Sugar efflux carriers

TAC:

Total antioxidant capacity

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Acknowledgments

The study was supported by the Polish National Science Centre (NCN, grant no. 2011/01/B/NZ9/00074)

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Author notes

  1. Van Chung Mai

    Present address: Department of Plant Physiology, Vinh University, Le Duan 182, Vinh city, Vietnam

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637, Poznań, Poland

    Iwona Morkunas, Agnieszka Woźniak, Magda Formela & Van Chung Mai

  2. Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland

    Łukasz Marczak

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632, Poznań, Poland

    Dorota Narożna

  4. Department of Entomology and Environment Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594, Poznań, Poland

    Beata Borowiak-Sobkowiak

  5. Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany

    Christina Kühn & Bernhard Grimm

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Morkunas, I., Woźniak, A., Formela, M. et al. Pea aphid infestation induces changes in flavonoids, antioxidative defence, soluble sugars and sugar transporter expression in leaves of pea seedlings. Protoplasma 253, 1063–1079 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-015-0865-7

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