Abstract
Gravity is one of the environmental cues that direct plant growth and development. Recent investigations of different gravity signalling pathways have added complexity to how we think gravity is perceived. Particular cells within specific organs or tissues perceive gravity stimulus. Many downstream signalling events transmit the perceived information into subcellular, biochemical, and genomic responses. They are rapid, non-genomic, regulatory, and cell-specific. The chain of events may pass by signalling lipids, the cytoskeleton, intracellular calcium levels, protein phosphorylation-dependent pathways, proteome changes, membrane transport, vacuolar biogenesis mechanisms, or nuclear events. These events culminate in changes in gene expression and auxin lateral redistribution in gravity response sites. The possible integration of these signalling events with amyloplast movements or with other perception mechanisms is discussed. Further investigation is needed to understand how plants coordinate mechanisms and signals to sense this important physical factor.
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Abbreviations
- ADK1:
-
Adenosine kinase 1
- PI-PLC:
-
Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C
- IP3 :
-
Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate
- PIP5К:
-
Phosphatidylinositol monophosphate 5-kinase
- PI-4,5-P2 :
-
Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate
- AtInsP5tase:
-
Arabidopsis thaliana inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase
- PI:
-
Phosphatidylinositol
- TOC:
-
Translocon of outer envelope
- PA:
-
Phosphatidic acid
- PLD:
-
Phospholipase D
- PP:
-
Protein phosphatase
- PDK1:
-
Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SGR:
-
Shoot gravitropic response
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by grants from NAS of Ukraine (2.1.10.32, 9.1-12(06), the SFFR of Ukraine (F54.4/027-2013), the Centre National 15 de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), the SFFR of Belarus (Б13К-116). We thank Rachel Carol at Emendo Bioscience for language editing.
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Kolesnikov, Y.S., Kretynin, S.V., Volotovsky, I.D. et al. Molecular mechanisms of gravity perception and signal transduction in plants. Protoplasma 253, 987–1004 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-015-0859-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-015-0859-5