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NPKS uptake, sensing, and signaling and miRNAs in plant nutrient stress

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Abstract

Sessile nature of higher plants consequently makes it highly adaptable for nutrient absorption and acquisition from soil. Plants require 17 essential elements for their growth and development which include 14 minerals (macronutrients: N, P, K, Mg, Ca, S; micronutrients: Cl, Fe, B, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mo) and 3 non-mineral (C, H, O) elements. The roots of higher plants must acquire these macronutrients and micronutrients from rhizosphere and further allocate to other plant parts for completing their life cycle. Plants evolved an intricate series of signaling and sensing cascades to maintain nutrient homeostasis and to cope with nutrient stress/availability. The specific receptors for nutrients in root, root system architecture, and internal signaling pathways help to develop plasticity in response to the nutrient starvation. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) are essential for various metabolic processes, and their deficiency negatively effects the plant growth and yield. Genes coding for transporters and receptors for nutrients as well as some small non-coding RNAs have been implicated in nutrient uptake and signaling. This review summarizes the N, P, K, and S uptake, sensing and signaling events in nutrient stress condition especially in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and involvement of microRNAs in nutrient deficiency. This article also provides a framework of uptake, sensing, signaling and to highlight the microRNA as an emerging major players in nutrient stress condition. Nutrient-plant-miRNA cross talk may help plant to cope up nutrient stress, and understanding their precise mechanism(s) will be necessary to develop high yielding smart crop with low nutrient input.

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Acknowledgments

NT is thankful to Indo–French Centre for the Promotion of Advanced Research (IFCPAR/CEFIPRA) for financial support of this work (Proposal No. 4609-A). We are also thankful to Drs. Gabrial Krouk (BPMP, Montpellier Cedex, France) and Ananda K. Sarkar (NIPGR, New Delhi) for their critical reading of the manuscript.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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  1. Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110067, New Delhi, India

    Manoj Nath & Narendra Tuteja

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  1. Manoj Nath
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  2. Narendra Tuteja
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Correspondence to Narendra Tuteja.

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Nath, M., Tuteja, N. NPKS uptake, sensing, and signaling and miRNAs in plant nutrient stress. Protoplasma 253, 767–786 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-015-0845-y

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