Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammatory damage play an important role in cerebral ischemic pathogenesis and may represent a target for treatment. The development of new strategies for enhancing drug delivery to the brain is of great importance in diagnostics and therapeutics of central nervous diseases. The present study examined the hypothesis that intranasal delivery of nanoformulation of curcuminoids would reduce oxidative stress-associated brain injury after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The rats were subjected to 2 h of MCAO followed by 22 h reperfusion, after which the grip strength, locomotor activity was performed. The effects of treatment in the rats were assessed by grip strength, locomotor activity and biochemical studies (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) in the brain. Pretreatment with polymeric N-isopropyl acryl amide (PNIPAM) nanoparticles formulation of all three curcuminoids (curcumin (Cur), demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC)) at doses (100 μg/kg body weight) given intranasally was effective in bringing significant changes on all the parameters. While nanoformulation of curcumin at a dose of 100 μg/kg body weight was most active in the treatment of cerebral ischemia as compared to others nanoformulation of curcuminoids. The potency of antioxidant activity significantly decreased in the order of PNIPAM nanoformulation of Cur > DMC >> BDMC, thus suggesting the critical role of methoxy groups on the phenyl ring.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pusa Road, New Delhi, for the granting CSIR-SRF which supported this study.
Conflict of interest
Authors have no conflict of interest in this paper. The author (Niyaz Ahmad) is grateful to the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pusa Road, New Delhi, for financial grant of this research.
Animal study
Experiments were conducted in accordance with Hamdard Institutional Ethics Committee (JH/FP/0847/2012). Approval for the animal study was given by Institutional Animal Ethical Committee.
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Ahmad, N., Umar, S., Ashafaq, M. et al. A comparative study of PNIPAM nanoparticles of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin and their effects on oxidative stress markers in experimental stroke. Protoplasma 250, 1327–1338 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-013-0516-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-013-0516-9