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Host cell processes to accomplish mechanical and non-circulative virus transmission

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Abstract

Mechanical vector-less transmission of viruses, as well as vector-mediated non-circulative virus transmission, where the virus attaches only to the exterior of the vector during the passage to a new host, are apparently simple processes: the viruses are carried along with the wind, the food or by the vector to a new host. We discuss here, using the examples of the non-circulatively transmitted Cauliflower mosaic virus that binds to its aphid vector's exterior mouthparts, and that of the mechanically (during feeding activity) transmitted Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus, that transmission of these viruses is not so simple as previously thought. Rather, these viruses prepare their transmission carefully and long before the actual acquisition event. Host–virus interactions play a pivotal and specialised role in the future encounter with the vector or the new host. This ensures optimal propagation and enlarges the tremendous bottleneck transmission presents for viruses and other pathogens.

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Abbreviations

AcMNPV:

Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus

BV:

Budded virus

CaMV:

Cauliflower mosaic virus

NPV:

Nucleopolyhedrovirus

OB:

Occlusion body

ODV:

Occlusion-derived virus

pif:

Per os infectivity factor

TB:

Transmission body

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Acknowledgements

AB, AM, SB and MD acknowledge support by the French government, the Région Languedoc-Roussilon, the SPE department of INRA and the Agence National de la Recherche.

Competing interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INRA, Equipe CaGeTE, UMR BGPI Plant Pathogen Interactions, TA A54K Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France

    Aurélie Bak, Stéphane Blanc & Martin Drucker

  2. School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK

    Sarah L. Irons & Alexandre Martinière

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  1. Aurélie Bak
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  2. Sarah L. Irons
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  3. Alexandre Martinière
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  4. Stéphane Blanc
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  5. Martin Drucker
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Correspondence to Martin Drucker.

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Handling Editor: David Robinson

Aurélie Bak, Sarah L. Irons and Alexandre Martinière are co-first authors.

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Bak, A., Irons, S.L., Martinière, A. et al. Host cell processes to accomplish mechanical and non-circulative virus transmission. Protoplasma 249, 529–539 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-011-0328-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-011-0328-8

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