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Damage (delamination and crack) effect on frequency and strain energy release rate (SERR) in adhesively bonded multi-material single lap joint—an experimental verification

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Abstract

This research predicted multi-material adhesively bonded joints' structural responses (eigenvalue responses and strain energy release rates, SERR). The study includes the adhesive bonding between aluminium alloy (AA2014-T6) and glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP). The numerical analyses are performed in a commercial finite element tool (ABAQUS) platform using the virtual crack closer technique (VCCT) for various scenarios (intact structures, delamination, cracks, and a combination of delamination with crack). A circular delamination with a 10 mm radius 'R' and a 10 mm length crack 'l' with a 0.2 mm radius of curvature 'Rc' is induced in the GFRP adherend middle layer using node-to-surface constraints. The model accuracy has been validated by comparing the current prediction with those of published data and experimental values. The study also explores the influence of boundary conditions with different fibre layup orientations, adhesive thickness ratios, and variations in fibre layup and crack orientations. The study indicates that cross-ply fibre orientation in the polymer adherend consistently outperforms, increasing overlap length. Additionally, the SERR values are higher at 90° and 270°, with the [0°]2S orientation excelling for a combined damage case (delamination with an inclined crack), producing higher SERR values than longitudinal and transverse cracks, regardless of fibre orientation.

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Data availability

There is no such third-party data utilized in this analysis. However, the generated data in the form of results are already within the text, and if anything, more is required can be provided with a reasonable request.

Abbreviations

ADC:

Analogue to digital converter

ANN:

Artificial neural network

c-DAQ:

Compact data acquisition

CFCF:

Clamped-free-clamped-free condition

CFFF:

Clamped-free-free-free condition

FEA:

Finite element analysis

FEM:

Finite element method

FMLs:

Fibre metal laminates

FFT:

Fast Fourier transform

FRP:

Fibre-reinforced polymer

GFRP:

Glass fibre-reinforced polymer

MMB:

Multi-material bond

MPC:

Multi-point constraint

NDT:

Non-destructive testing

SERR:

Strain energy release rate

SLJ:

Single lap joint

VCCT:

Virtual crack closure technique

\(\left[ M \right]\) and \(\left[ K \right]\) :

Mass and Stiffness matrices

\(x\left( t \right)\) :

Nodal displacement

\(\ddot{x}\left( t \right)\) :

Nodal acceleration

\(\left\{ {\overline{x}} \right\}\) :

Eigenvector

\(\lambda\) :

Eigenvalue

\(\omega\) :

Natural frequency

\(\left\{ P \right\}\) :

Static load

G I :

Strain energy release rate in Mode-I

G II :

Strain energy release rate in Mode-II

G III :

Strain energy release rate in Mode-III

L :

Length of adherend

W :

Breadth of adherend and adhesive

t :

Thickness of adherend

a :

Length of adhesive

h :

Thickness of adhesive

L o :

Overlapping length

Lc :

Clamping length

a/h :

Adhesive bond thickness ratio

R :

Radius of delamination

R c :

Crack radius of curvature

L :

Length of the crack

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India

    Naveen Kumar Akkasali, Sandhyarani Biswas & Subrata Kumar Panda

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  1. Naveen Kumar Akkasali
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Akkasali, N.K., Biswas, S. & Panda, S.K. Damage (delamination and crack) effect on frequency and strain energy release rate (SERR) in adhesively bonded multi-material single lap joint—an experimental verification. Acta Mech 235, 1271–1290 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-023-03807-9

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