Abstract
A non-classical model for circular cylindrical thin shells is developed by using a modified couple stress theory and a surface elasticity theory. The equations of motion and boundary conditions are simultaneously obtained by a variational formulation based on Hamilton’s principle, which provides a unified treatment of the microstructure and surface energy effects. The new non-classical shell model contains one material length scale parameter to capture the microstructure effect and three surface elastic constants to describe the surface energy effect. The current model includes the shell models considering the microstructure effect only or the surface energy effect alone as special cases. Also, the newly developed shell model reduces to the classical circular cylindrical Love–Kirchhoff thin shell model when both the microstructure and surface energy effects are suppressed. In addition, it recovers the non-classical model for Kirchhoff plates incorporating the microstructure and surface energy effects when the shell radius tends to infinity. To illustrate the new model, the static bending and free vibration problems of a simply supported closed circular cylindrical shell and of an open circular cylindrical shell with free edge boundary conditions are analytically solved by directly applying the model. For the static bending problem in each case, the numerical results show that the shell deflection predicted by the current model is smaller than that predicted by the classical model, and the difference is significant when the shell is very thin but diminishes as the shell thickness increases. For the free vibration problem in each case, it is found that the natural frequency predicted by the new model is higher than that predicted by its classical counterpart, and the difference is large only for very thin shells.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Altenbach, H., Eremeyev, V.A.: On the shell theory on the nanoscale with surface stresses. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 49, 1294–1301 (2011)
Altenbach, H., Eremeyev, V.A., Morozov, N.F.: On equations of the linear theory of shells with surface stresses taken into account. Mech. Solids 45(3), 331–342 (2010)
Chen, W.Q., Wu, B., Zhang, C.L., Zhang, Ch.: On wave propagation in anisotropic elastic cylinders at nanoscale: surface elasticity and its effect. Acta Mech. 225, 2743–2760 (2014)
Chung, H.: Free vibration analysis of circular cylindrical shells. J. Sound Vib. 74, 331–350 (1981)
Enakoutsa, K.: Micromorphic elasticity for an axisymetrically loaded cylindrical thick-walled structure under plane strain conditions. Int. J. Theor. Appl. Multiscale Mech. 3(2), 127–144 (2018)
Eringen, A.C.: On differential equations of nonlocal elasticity and solutions of screw dislocation and surface waves. J. Appl. Phys. 54, 4703–4710 (1983)
Gad, A.I., Gao, X.-L.: Extended Hill’s lemma for non-Cauchy continua based on a modified couple stress theory. Acta Mech. 231, 977–997 (2020)
Gao, X.-L.: An exact elasto-plastic solution for a closed-end thick-walled cylinder of elastic linear-hardening material with large strains. Int. J. Press. Vessel. Pip. 56, 331–350 (1993)
Gao, X.-L.: A new Timoshenko beam model incorporating microstructure and surface energy effects. Acta Mech. 226, 457–474 (2015)
Gao, X.-L., Huang, J.X., Reddy, J.N.: A non-classical third-order shear deformation plate model based on a modified couple stress theory. Acta Mech. 224, 2699–2718 (2013)
Gao, X.-L., Ma, H.M.: Solution of Eshelby’s inclusion problem with a bounded domain and Eshelby’s tensor for a spherical inclusion in a finite spherical matrix based on a simplified strain gradient elasticity theory. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 58, 779–797 (2010)
Gao, X.-L., Mahmoud, F.F.: A new Bernoulli–Euler beam model incorporating microstructure and surface energy effects. Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 65, 393–404 (2014)
Gao, X.-L., Mall, S.: Variational solution for a cracked mosaic model of woven fabric composites. Int. J. Solids Struct. 38, 855–874 (2001)
Gao, X.-L., Park, S.K.: Variational formulation of a simplified strain gradient elasticity theory and its application to a pressurized thick-walled cylinder problem. Int. J. Solids Struct. 44, 7486–7499 (2007)
Gao, X.-L., Park, S.K., Ma, H.M.: Analytical solution for a pressurized thick-walled spherical shell based on a simplified strain gradient elasticity theory. Math. Mech. Solids 14, 747–758 (2009)
Gao, X.-L., Zhang, G.Y.: A microstructure- and surface energy-dependent third-order shear deformation beam model. Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 66, 1871–1894 (2015)
Gao, X.-L., Zhang, G.Y.: A non-classical Kirchhoff plate model incorporating microstructure, surface energy and foundation effects. Contin. Mech. Thermodyn. 28, 195–213 (2016)
Ghorbani, K., Mohammadi, K., Rajabpour, A., Ghadiri, M.: Surface and size-dependent effects on the free vibration analysis of cylindrical shell based on Gurtin–Murdoch and nonlocal strain gradient theories. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 129, 140–150 (2019)
Green, A.E., Zerna, W.: Theoretical Elasticity, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England (1968)
Gurtin, M.E., Murdoch, A.I.: A continuum theory of elastic material surfaces. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 57, 291–323 (1975)
Gurtin, M.E., Murdoch, A.I.: Surface stress in solids. Int. J. Solids Struct. 14, 431–440 (1978)
Jing, G.Y., Duan, H.L., Sun, X.M., Zhang, Z.S., Xu, J., Li, Y.D., Wang, J.X., Yu, D.P.: Surface effects on elastic properties of silver nanowires: contact atomic-force microscopy. Phys. Rev. B 73, 235409-1–6 (2006)
Khademolhosseini, F., Rajapakse, R.K.N.D., Nojeh, A.: Torsional buckling of carbon nanotubes based on nonlocal elasticity shell models. Comput. Mater. Sci. 48, 736–742 (2010)
Koga, T.: Effects of boundary conditions on the free vibrations of circular cylindrical shells. AIAA J. 26, 1387–1394 (1988)
Lam, D.C.C., Yang, F., Chong, A.C.M., Wang, J., Tong, P.: Experiments and theory in strain gradient elasticity. J. Mech. Phys. Solids. 51, 1477–1508 (2003)
Leissa, A.W.: Vibration of Shells, NASA SP-288. Scientific and Technical Information Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC (1973)
Lim, C.W., He, L.H.: Size-dependent nonlinear response of thin elastic films with nano-scale thickness. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 46, 1715–1726 (2004)
Littlefield, A., Hyland, E., Andalora, A., Klein, N., Langone, R., Becker, R.: Carbon fiber/thermoplastic overwrapped gun tube. ASME J. Press. Vessel. Tech. 128, 257–262 (2006)
Liu, C., Rajapakse, R.K.N.D.: Continuum models incorporating surface energy for static and dynamic response of nanoscale beams. IEEE Trans. Nanotech. 9, 422–431 (2010)
Lu, L., Zhu, L., Guo, X., Zhao, J., Liu, G.: A nonlocal strain gradient shell model incorporating surface effects for vibration analysis of functionally graded cylindrical nanoshells. Appl. Math. Mech. 40, 1695–1722 (2019)
Ma, H.M., Gao, X.-L., Reddy, J.N.: A non-classical Mindlin plate model based on a modified couple stress theory. Acta Mech. 220, 217–235 (2011)
McFarland, A.W., Colton, J.S.: Role of material microstructure in plate stiffness with relevance to microcantilever sensors. J. Micromech. Microeng. 15, 1060–1067 (2005)
Miller, R.E., Shenoy, V.B.: Size-dependent elastic properties of nanosized structural elements. Nanotechnology 11, 139–147 (2000)
Mindlin, R.D.: Influence of couple-stresses on stress concentrations. Exp. Mech. 3, 1–7 (1963)
Mindlin, R.D.: Micro-structure in linear elasticity. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 16, 51–78 (1964)
Papargyri-Beskou, S., Beskos, D.E.: Stability analysis of gradient elastic circular cylindrical thin shells. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 47, 1379–1385 (2009)
Papargyri-Beskou, S., Tsinopoulos, S.V.: Lamé’s strain potential method for plane gradient elasticity problems. Arch. Appl. Mech. 85, 1399–1419 (2015)
Papargyri-Beskou, S., Tsinopoulos, S.V., Beskos, D.E.: Wave propagation in and free vibrations of gradient elastic circular cylindrical shells. Acta Mech. 223, 1789–1807 (2012)
Park, S.K., Gao, X.-L.: Bernoulli-Euler beam model based on a modified couple stress theory. J. Micromech. Microeng. 16, 2355–2359 (2006)
Park, S.K., Gao, X.-L.: Variational formulation of a modified couple stress theory and its application to a simple shear problem. Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 59, 904–917 (2008)
Reddy, J.N.: Energy Principles and Variational Methods in Applied Mechanics, 2nd edn. Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey (2002)
Reddy, J.N.: Theory and Analysis of Elastic Plates and Shells, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida (2007)
Simkins, T.E.: Amplification of flexural waves in gun tubes. J. Sound Vib. 172, 145–154 (1994)
Steigmann, D.J.: Finite Elasticity Theory. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England (2017)
Steigmann, D.J., Ogden, R.W.: Plane deformations of elastic solids with intrinsic boundary elasticity. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 453, 853–877 (1997)
Steigmann, D.J., Ogden, R.W.: Elastic surface-substrate interactions. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 455, 437–474 (1999)
Timoshenko, S.P., Goodier, J.N.: Theory of Elasticity, 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York (1970)
Wang, W., Qatu, M.S., Yarahmadian, S.: Accuracy of shell and solid elements in vibration analyses of thin- and thick-walled isotropic cylinders. Int. J. Veh Noise Vib. 8(3), 221–236 (2012)
Xing, Y., Liu, B., Xu, T.: Exact solutions for free vibration of circular cylindrical shells with classical boundary conditions. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 75, 178–188 (2013)
Yang, F., Chong, A.C.M., Lam, D.C.C., Tong, P.: Couple stress based strain gradient theory for elasticity. Int. J. Solids Struct. 39, 2731–2743 (2002)
Yu, S.D., Cleghorn, W.L., Fenton, R.G.: On the accurate analysis of free vibration of open circular cylindrical shells. J. Sound Vib. 188, 315–336 (1995)
Zeighampour, H., Beni, Y.T.: Cylindrical thin-shell model based on modified strain gradient theory. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 78, 27–47 (2014)
Zhang, G.Y., Gao, X.-L., Wang, J.Z.: A non-classical model for circular Kirchhoff plates incorporating microstructure and surface energy effects. Acta Mech. 226, 4073–4085 (2015)
Zhang, L., Xiang, Y.: Vibration of open circular cylindrical shells with intermediate ring supports. Int. J. Solids Struct. 43, 3705–3722 (2006)
Zhang, Y., Zhuo, L.J., Zhao, H.S.: Determining the effects of surface elasticity and surface stress by measuring the shifts of resonant frequencies. Proc. R. Soc. A 469, 20130449-1–14 (2013)
Zhou, S.-S., Gao, X.-L.: Solutions of half-space and half-plane contact problems based on surface elasticity. Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 64, 145–166 (2013)
Zhou, X., Wang, L., Qin, P.: Free vibration of micro- and nano-shells based on modified couple stress theory. J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 9, 814–818 (2012)
Acknowledgements
GYZ gratefully acknowledges the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant # 12002086] and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [Grant # 2242020R10027]. The authors would like to thank Professor George Weng and one anonymous reviewer for their encouragement and helpful comments on an earlier version of the paper. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Army.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, G.Y., Gao, XL. & Littlefield, A.G. A non-classical model for circular cylindrical thin shells incorporating microstructure and surface energy effects. Acta Mech 232, 2225–2248 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-020-02873-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-020-02873-7