Abstract
This study introduces a micromechanical model for predicting effective thermal properties (linear coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity) of viscoelastic composites having solid spherical particle reinforcements. A representative volume element (RVE) of the composites is modeled by a single particle embedded in the cubic matrix. Periodic boundary conditions are imposed to the RVE. The micromechanical model consists of four particle and matrix subcells. Micromechanical relations are formulated in terms of incremental average field quantities, i.e., stress, strain, heat flux and temperature gradient, in the subcells. Perfect bonds are assumed along the subcell’s interfaces. Stress and temperature-dependent viscoelastic constitutive models are used for the isotropic constituents in the micromechanical model. Thermal properties of the particle and matrix constituents are temperature dependent. The effective coefficient of thermal expansion is derived by satisfying displacement and traction continuity at the interfaces during thermo-viscoelastic deformations. This formulation leads to an effective time–temperature–stress-dependent coefficient of thermal expansion. The effective thermal conductivity is formulated by imposing heat flux and temperature continuity at the subcells’ interfaces. The effective thermal properties obtained from the micromechanical model are compared with analytical solutions and experimental data available in the literature. Finally, parametric studies are also performed to investigate the effects of nonlinear thermal and mechanical properties of each constituent on the overall thermal properties of the composite.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ABAQUS, Hibbitt, Karlsson and Sorensen Inc., 2005, User’s Manual, version, 6.5
Aboudi J.: Micromechanical characterization of the non-linear viscoelastic behavior of resin matrix composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 38, 371–386 (1990)
Aboudi J.: Micromechanically established constitutive equations for multiphase materials with viscoelastic-viscoplastic phases. Mech. Time-depend. Mat. 9, 121–145 (2005)
Agri Y., Uno T.: Thermal conductivity of polymer filled with carbon materials: effect of conductive particle chains on thermal conductivity. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 30, 2225–2235 (1985)
Agri Y., Uno T.: Estimation on thermal conductivities of filled polymers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 32, 5705–5712 (1986)
Baschirow A.B., Selenew J.W.: Thermal conductivity of composites. Plaste Kaut 23, 656 (1976)
Benvensite Y.: On the effective thermal conductivity of multiphase composites. J. Appl. Math. Phys. 37, 696–713 (1986)
Brinson L.C., Knauss W.G.: Thermo-rheologically complex behavior of multi-phase viscoelastic materials. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 39, 859–880 (1991)
Brinson L.C., Lin W.S.: Comparisons of micromechanics methods for effective properties of multiphase viscoelastic composites. Compos. Struct. 41, 353–367 (1998)
Cheng S.C., Vachon R.I.: The prediction of the thermal conductivity of two and three phase solid heterogeneous materials. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 12, 249–264 (1969)
Cho J., Joshi M.S., Sun C.T.: Effects of inclusion size of mechanical properties of polymeric composites with micro and nano particles. Compos. Sci. Technol. 66, 1941–1952 (2006)
Christensen R.M.: A critical evaluation for a class of micromechanics models. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 38, 379–404 (1990)
Fahmy A.A., Ragai A.N.: Thermal expansion behavior of two phase solids. J. Appl. Phys. 41, 5108–5111 (1970)
Fisher F.T., Brinson L.C.: Viscoelastic interphases in polymer-matrix composites: theoretical models and finite element analysis. Compos. Sci. Technol. 61, 731–748 (2001)
Feltham S.J., Yates B., Martin R.J.: The thermal expansion of particulate-reinforced composites. J. Mater. Sci. 17, 2309–2323 (1982)
Haj-Ali R.M., Muliana A.H.: Micromechanical models for the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of pultruded composite materials. Int. J. Solids Struct. 40, 1037–1057 (2003)
Haj-Ali R.M., Muliana A.H.: A multi-scale constitutive framework for the nonlinear analysis of laminated composite materials and structures. Int. J. Solids Struct. 41, 3461–3490 (2004)
Hartwig G., Wuchner F.: Low temperature mechanical testing machine. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 46, 481–485 (1975)
Hashin Z., Shtrikman S.: A variational approach to the theory of the elastic behavior of polycrystals. J. Mech. Phys. Solids. 10, 343–352 (1962)
Hill R.: The elastic behaviour of a crystalline aggregate. Proc. Phys. Soc. Lond. A65, 349–354 (1952)
Hsieh C.L., Tuan W.H.: Elastic and thermal expansion behavior of two-phase composites. Mater. Sci. Eng. A425, 349–360 (2006)
Kerner E.H.: Elastic and thermoelastic properties of composite media. Proc. Phys. Soc. Lond. B69, 808 (1956)
Lai J., Bakker A.: An integral constitutive equation for nonlinear plasto-viscoelastic behavior of high-density polyethylene. Polym. Eng. Sci. 35, 1339–1347 (1995)
Lai J., Bakker A.: 3-D schapery representation for nonlinear viscoelasticity and finite element implementation. Comput. Mech. 18, 182–191 (1996)
Levin V.M.: On the coefficients of thermal expansion of hetrerogeneous materials. Mech. Solids 2, 58–61 (1967)
Lewis T., Nielsen L.: Dynamic mechanical properties of particulate-filled polymers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 14, 1449 (1970)
Li J., Weng G.J.: Stress–strain relations of a viscoelastic composite reinforced with elliptic cylinders. J. Thermoplast. Composite Mater. 10, 19–30 (1997)
Marias C., Villoutreix G.: Analysis and modeling of the creep behavior of the thermostable PMR-15 polyimide. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 69, 1983–1991 (1998)
Maxwell, J.C.: A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd edn, Chap. 9. Dover, New York (1954)
Mori T., Tanaka K.: Average stress in matrix and average elastic energy of materials with misfitting inclusions. Acta. Metall. 21, 571 (1973)
Muliana A.H., Haj-Ali R.M.: Nested nonlinear viscoelastic and micromechanical models for the analysis of pultruded composite structures. Mech. Mater. (MOM) J. 36, 1087–1110 (2004)
Muliana A.H., Nair A., Khan K.A., Wagner S.: Characterization of thermo-mechanical viscoelastic and long-term behaviors of multi-layered composite materials. Compos. Sci. Tech. 66, 2907–2924 (2006)
Muliana A.H., Khan K.A.: A time-integration algorithm for thermo-rheologically complex polymers. Comput. Mater. Sci. 41, 576–588 (2008)
Muliana A.H., Kim J.S.: A concurrent micromechanical model for nonlinear viscoelastic behaviors of particle reinforced composites. Int. J. Solids Struct. 44, 6891–6913 (2007)
Muliana, A.H., Sawant, S.A.: Responses of viscoelastic polymer composites with temperature and time dependent constituents. Acta Mech. (2008). doi:10.1007/s00707-008-0052-4
Nemat-Nasser S., Hori M.: Micromechanics: Overall Properties of Heterogeneous Materials, 2nd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1999)
Odegard G., Kumosa M.: Elastic-plastic and failure properties of a unidirectional graphite/PMR-15 composites at room and elevated temperature. Compos. Sci. Tech. 60, 2979–2988 (2000)
Reuss A., Agnew Z.: Calculation of flow limits of mixed crystals on the basis of plasticity of single crystal. Z. Angew. Math. Mech. 9, 49–58 (1929)
Rosen B.W., Hashin Z.: Effective thermal expansion coefficients and specific heats of composite materials. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 8, 157–173 (1970)
Rupnowski P., Gentz M., Kumosa M.: Mechanical response of a unidirectional graphite fiber/polyimide composite as a function of temperature. Compos. Sci. Tech. 66, 1045–1055 (2006)
Schapery R.A.: Thermal expansion coefficients of composite materials based on energy principles. J. Compos. Mater. 2, 380 (1968)
Schapery R.A.: On the characterization of nonlinear viscoelastic materials. Polym. Eng. Sci. 9, 295–310 (1969)
Sideridis E., Kytopoulos V.N., Kyriazi E., Bourkas G.: Determination of thermal expansion coefficient of particulate composites by the use of a triphase model. Compos. Sci. Technol. 65, 909–919 (2005)
Simmons G., Wang H.: Single Crystal Elastic Constants and Calculated Aggregate Properties: A Handbook, pp. 178–182. MIT Press, Cambridge (1971)
Stauffer D.: Introduction to Percolation Theory. Taylor & Francis, London (1985)
Sugawara A., Yoshizawa Y.: An experimental investigation on the thermal conductivity of consolidated porous materials. J. Appl. Phys. 33, 3135 (1962)
Tavman I.H.: Effective thermal conductivity of isotropic polymer composites. Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transf. 25, 723–732 (1998)
Torquato S.: Random Heterogeneous Materials: Microstructure and Macroscopic Properties. Springer, New York (2002)
Touloukian Y.S., Kirby R.K., Taylor R.E., Lee T.Y.R.: Thermophysical properties of matter: thermal expansion. Nonmet. Solids 13, 350 (1977)
Tseng K.K.: A statistical micromechanics-based multi-scale framework for effective thermomechanical behaviours of particle reinforced composites. Int. J. Solids Struct. 41, 295–304 (2004)
Tummala R.R., Friedberg A.L.: Thermal expansion of composites as affected by the matrix. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 53, 376 (1970)
Turner P.S.: Thermal expansion stresses in reinforced plastics. J. Res. NBS 37, 239 (1946)
Verma L.S., Shrotriya A.K., Singh R., Chaudhary D.R.: Thermal conduction in two phase materials with spherical and non spherical inclusions. J. Appl. Phys. D 24, 1729–1737 (1991)
Voigt W.: Lehrbuch der Kristallphysik. BG Teubner, Leipzig (1910)
Wakashima K., Otsuka M., Umekawa S.: Thermal expansion of heterogeneous solids containing aligned ellipsoidal inclusions. J. Compos. Mater. 8, 391–404 (1974)
Yin H.M., Paulino G.H., Buttlar W.G., Sun L.Z.: Effective thermal conductivity of two-phase functionally graded particulate composites. J. Appl. Phys. 98, 063704 (2005)
Zhang H., Ge X., Ye H.: Effectiveness of the heat conduction reinforcement of particle filled composites. Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 13, 401–412 (2005)
Zhou H., Zhang S., Yang M.: The effect of heat-transfer passages on the effective thermal conductivity of high filler loading composite materials. Compos. Sci. Technol. 67, 1035–1040 (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Khan, K.A., Muliana, A.H. Effective thermal properties of viscoelastic composites having field-dependent constituent properties. Acta Mech 209, 153–178 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-009-0171-6
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-009-0171-6