Summary.
In this paper, an approximate critical Weber number for the breakup of an expanding torus (ring) is derived, under the assumption that Rayleigh instability dominates the breakup of a moving torus. The result is tentatively applied to predict the breakup condition of a droplet impinging on a hot wall once the droplet is transformed into an expanding torus. It is found that the critical Weber number is around 80 as observed experimentally.
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Wu, ZN. Approximate critical Weber number for the breakup of an expanding torus. Acta Mechanica 166, 231–239 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-003-1024-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-003-1024-3