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Polyvinylpyrrolidone-supported zirconium nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, efficiency as a new polymer nanocomposite catalyst for one-step transesterification reaction

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Abstract

Cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone-supported zirconium tetrachloride is reported as a new polymeric nanocomposite catalyst for the one-stage transesterification reaction of ethyl acetate with different alcohols. The catalyst was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering technique, inductively coupled plasma, and thermal gravimetric analysis. Also, the amount of zirconium nanoparticles was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Using different substrates on the scale of 1.0 mmol, the experiments showed successful transesterification reaction with desirable yields and short reaction times by adding the catalyst (0.20 g, 0.40 mol%) and n-hexane/chloroform (3.0 cm3) as solvent under reflux conditions. The catalyst could be reused for seven consecutive reactions without a considerable loss of activity. The most remarkable features of this method are the non-toxicity of the catalyst, simple operation, and efficient results, which make it environmentally friendly, economical, and safe.

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The spectroscopic data of the products are available in the Supplementary Information.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge financial support from the research council of the Azad University of Shiraz.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71946 84795, Iran

    Sedigheh Azadi

  2. Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, 71987 74731, Iran

    Nooredin Goudarzian & Mohammad Hadi Parish

  3. Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, 71993 37635, Iran

    Fatemeh Niroomand Hosseini

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  1. Sedigheh Azadi
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  2. Nooredin Goudarzian
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  3. Mohammad Hadi Parish
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  4. Fatemeh Niroomand Hosseini
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Correspondence to Nooredin Goudarzian.

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Azadi, S., Goudarzian, N., Parish, M.H. et al. Polyvinylpyrrolidone-supported zirconium nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, efficiency as a new polymer nanocomposite catalyst for one-step transesterification reaction. Monatsh Chem 154, 239–248 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-022-03024-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-022-03024-5

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