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Highly sensitive direct simultaneous determination of zinc(II), cadmium(II), lead(II), and copper(II) based on in-situ-bismuth and mercury thin-film plated screen-printed carbon electrode

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Abstract

Thin-film disposable screen-printed electrodes modified in situ with bismuth and mercury coatings to enhance the simultaneous sensitivities and the limits of detection of cadmium(II), lead(II), copper(II), and zinc(II) were prepared using anodic stripping voltammetry. Whether the films coated were properly adhered to the surface were checked by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The optimum conditions for the best performance of the sensor were investigated. The modification with Bi/Hg film electrode exhibited good analytical performance, with excellent repeatability (RSD < 4.0%), reproducibility (RSD < 4.0%), and reasonable interferences by various inorganic species. Bi/Hg–SPC electrode also offers low detection limits for Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II), i.e., 0.97 ppb, 0.16 ppb, 0.082 ppb, and 0.64 ppb, respectively. The developed method was applied to a certified reference water sample and a surface water sample taken from the environment by standard addition method and the results are satisfactory. Analytical results obtained with the sensor are comparable to those obtained by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are highly thankful to the Ankara University Research Fund (Project Nos: 20L0430001 and 20B0430003) for the financial support. We also wish to thank the Turkey General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works for supplying the surface water sample.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ankara University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey

    Ceren Yıldız, Dilek Eskiköy Bayraktepe & Zehra Yazan

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  1. Ceren Yıldız
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  2. Dilek Eskiköy Bayraktepe
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  3. Zehra Yazan
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Correspondence to Zehra Yazan.

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Yıldız, C., Eskiköy Bayraktepe, D. & Yazan, Z. Highly sensitive direct simultaneous determination of zinc(II), cadmium(II), lead(II), and copper(II) based on in-situ-bismuth and mercury thin-film plated screen-printed carbon electrode. Monatsh Chem 152, 1527–1537 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-021-02865-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-021-02865-w

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