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Hydrogen bond and nucleophilicity motifs in the design of molecular probes for CN− and F− ions

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Abstract

A large number of molecular receptors have been reported for the detection and estimation of cyanide and fluoride ions in chemical, biological, environmental, and industrial processes. The design of such receptors is chiefly linked to specific interaction between them and the target anions. Though hydrogen bond formation is of prime importance, it has been observed that specificity and selectivity of cyanide over fluoride can be achieved by utilizing small size of fluoride and strong nucleophilic but weak basic character of cyanide. Recent results reveal enormous utility of complexation, de-complexation and metallo-supramolecular strategies for the target purpose. These developments signal the advent of more sensitive recognition systems for selecting multi-ion toxicants through a common molecular receptor. This communication scrutinizes results from recent literature on neutral molecular receptors for recognition of cyanide and fluoride ions and elaborates on principles that can be deployed for future developments in the area.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. Financial assistance (to MS) and DBT, MoRD, MoEFC, MoFPI (Govt. of India) and CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) for different projects (HMC) that led to work on chemosensors and calixarene systems is thankfully acknowledged. Authors would also like to thank the referees and the editorial staff at Springer for useful suggestions incorporated in the revision.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India

    Mohammad Shahid & Har Mohindra Chawla

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Shahid, M., Chawla, H.M. Hydrogen bond and nucleophilicity motifs in the design of molecular probes for CN− and F− ions. Monatsh Chem 152, 1401–1435 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-021-02860-1

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