Abstract
A potential, environmentally friendly production process for refractory metal carbides is investigated whereby methane is used as the reducing agent for many oxides. Using the most recently available thermodynamic data, the optimum conditions for production of binary and ternary carbides, together with hydrogen-rich gases, have been calculated. Our thermodynamic analysis indicates that methane reduction of the oxides is both economic and helpful in reducing carbon emissions. The investigations show that hot syngas from one reactor may be re-used as input to other reactors to minimize the use of energy in carbide production.
Graphical abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kodama T, Ohtake H, Matsumoto O, Aoki A, Shimuzu T, Kitayama Y (2000) Energy 25:411
Kodama T, Shimizu T, Satoh T, Shimizu K (2003) Energy 28:1055
Shimizu T, Shimizu K, Kitayama Y, Kodama T (2001) Sol Energy 71:315
Khoshandam R, Kumar RV, Jamshedi E (2004) Metall Mater Trans B 35:825
Barrett D (1972) Ind Eng Chem Process Des Dev 11:415
Nasr S (2012) The reduction kinetics of iron oxide ore by methane for chemical-looping combustion, MS Thesis. Dalhousie University, Halifax
Rashidi H, Ebrahim HA, Dabir B (2013) Thermochim Acta 561:41
Cetinkaya S, Eroglu S (2015) Int J Refract Met Hard Mater 51:137
Belonoshko A, Pingfang S, Saxena SK (1992) Comput Geosci 18:1267
Zhou P, Peng Y, Du Y, Wang SH, Wen G, Xie W, Chang K (2013) Int J Refract Met Hard Mater 41:408
Peng Y, Zhou P, Du Y, Chang K (2013) Int J Refract Met Hard Mater 40:36
Hillert M, Burton B, Saxena SK, Degterov SA, Kumar KCH, Ohtani H, Aldinger HF, Kussmaul A (1997) CALPHAD 21:247
Acknowledgements
Our thanks are due to Chris Bale and Gunnar Eriksson for help with the FactSage program.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Saxena, S., Spencer, P. & Drozd, V. An alternative, environmentally friendly production process for refractory metal carbides and syngas using methane reduction of the oxide ores. Monatsh Chem 149, 411–422 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-017-2123-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-017-2123-5