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Emergence of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infection in domestic Himalayan yaks (Bos grunniens) in Himachal Pradesh, India

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Abstract

In this study, we investigated and confirmed natural lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infection in Himalayan yaks (Bos grunniens) in Himachal Pradesh, India, based on clinical manifestations and results of genome detection, antibody detection, virus isolation, and nucleotide sequencing. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis based on complete GPCR, RPO30, and EEV gene sequences revealed that the LSDV isolates from these yaks and local cattle belonged to LSDV subcluster 1.2.1 rather than the dominant subcluster 1.2.2, which is currently circulating in India, suggesting a separate recent introduction. This is the first report of natural LSDV infection in yaks in India, expanding the known host range of LSDV. Further investigations are needed to assess the impact of LSDV infection in yaks.

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Data availability

All of the required data are available in the figures and main text of the article or in the supplementary materials. The sequence data generated in this study were submitted to the GenBank database and are available under the accession numbers OR026634-OR026642. The datasets generated and/or analysed in the present study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, New Delhi, for funding support, and the Director, ICAR-NIHSAD, Bhopal, for infrastructure facilities and administrative support.

Funding

This study was supported by a grant from the Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, New Delhi, India (grant no. CDDL1005235).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Anand Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462 022, India

    Shashi Bhushan Sudhakar, Niranjan Mishra, Semmannan Kalaiyarasu, Khusboo Ahirwar, Sonam Agarwal & Aniket Sanyal

  2. Veterinary Hospital, Cheog, Theog-171209, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Ram Krishan Sharma

  3. State Veterinary Hospital Complex, Cart Road, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India

    Vikram S. Vashist

Authors
  1. Shashi Bhushan Sudhakar
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  2. Niranjan Mishra
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  3. Semmannan Kalaiyarasu
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  4. Ram Krishan Sharma
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  8. Aniket Sanyal
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Contributions

Conceptualization: All authors contributed to the conception and design of the study. Data curation: S.B.S., S.K., R.K.S., K.A., V.S.V., and N.M. Methodology: S.B.S., S.K., R.K.S., K.A., V.S.V., and N.M. Data analysis and interpretation of results: S.B.S., S.K., and N.M. Supervision, N.M. and A.S. Writing – original draft, N.M. Review and Editing of the Manuscript: N.M. and A.S. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Niranjan Mishra.

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Ethical approval

This study was based on samples (nasal swabs and serum) collected from domestic yaks by qualified veterinarians as per standard practices, without the use of anaesthesia, and submitted to the ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, India, for laboratory diagnosis of LSD, and hence did not require any animal ethical approval.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Communicated by William G Dundon

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Sudhakar, S.B., Mishra, N., Kalaiyarasu, S. et al. Emergence of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infection in domestic Himalayan yaks (Bos grunniens) in Himachal Pradesh, India. Arch Virol 169, 51 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-024-05994-9

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