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Identification of small circular DNA viruses in coyote fecal samples from Arizona (USA)

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Abstract

Coyotes (Canis latrans) have a broad geographic distribution across North and Central America. Despite their widespread presence in urban environments in the USA, there is limited information regarding viruses associated with coyotes in the USA and in particular the state of Arizona. To explore viruses associated with coyotes, particularly small DNA viruses, 44 scat samples were collected (April–June 2021 and November 2021–January 2022) along the Salt River near Phoenix, Arizona (USA), along 43 transects (500 m). From these samples, we identified 11 viral genomes: two novel circoviruses, six unclassified cressdnaviruses, and two anelloviruses. One of the circoviruses is most closely related to a circovirus sequence identified from an aerosolized dust sample in Arizona, USA. The second circovirus is most closely related to a rodent-associated circovirus and canine circovirus. Of the unclassified cressdnaviruses, three encode replication-associated proteins that are similar to those found in protists (Histomonas meleagridis and Monocercomonoides exilis), implying an evolutionary relationship with or a connection to similar unidentified protist hosts. The two anelloviruses are most closely related to those found in rodents, and this suggests a diet-related identification.

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Data availability

The sequences described in this study have been deposited in the GenBank database under accession numbers OQ599920-OQ599930.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Angela Oreshkova and Zach Ziebarth for their assistance in collecting the scat that was used in this research. We would like to also acknowledge the support provided by the Arizona State University Natural History Collection and the Central Arizona Phoenix Long Term Ecological Research Project (grant number DEB-1832016) through the equipment and space used to enable this research. Savage Cree Hess was supported by an Arizona State University Graduate Fellowship Grant. We thank Dakota M. Rowsey (Arizona State University, USA) for the constructive feedback on the manuscript and equipment provided to process the scat for dietary analysis. We acknowledge that this research has taken place on or near the ancestral lands of 22 tribes within Arizona, such as Akimel O’odham.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA

    Savage C. Hess, Katherine C. B. Weiss & Arvind Varsani

  2. The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA

    Joy M. Custer, Simona Kraberger & Arvind Varsani

  3. College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus, 6073 South Backus Mall, Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA

    Jesse S. Lewis

  4. Center of Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA

    Arvind Varsani

  5. Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa

    Arvind Varsani

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  1. Savage C. Hess
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Correspondence to Arvind Varsani.

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Research involving human participants and/or animals

The research did not involve human participants or animals. This study is a non-invasive study sampling feces of coyotes.

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Hess, S.C., Weiss, K.C.B., Custer, J.M. et al. Identification of small circular DNA viruses in coyote fecal samples from Arizona (USA). Arch Virol 169, 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-023-05937-w

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