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Fluctuation of the prevalence of beak and feather disease virus in captive psittacines in Iran

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Abstract

Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is one of the most life-threatening viral agents infecting parrot species. In this study, we investigated fluctuation in the prevalence of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) in captive psittacines in Iran. Two series of feather samples from different psittacine species, received between July 2019 and July 2021 (n = 1009) and between July 2021 and July 2022 (n = 2020), were examined for the presence of BFDV using the PCR method, and the host species distribution and temporal prevalence of BFDV within populations were calculated. The results showed a total viral prevalence of 26.86% and 26.88% within sample series 1 and 2, respectively. By examining both sample series, the prevalence of BFDV was found to be  the highest (P < 0.05) in Nymphicus hollandicus and the lowest (P < 0.05) in Psittacus erithacus, Myiopsitta monachus, Pyrrhura molinae, and Aratinga solstitialis. The viral prevalence was significantly higher (P < 0.05) within the series 1 than the series 2 samples only in Nymphicus hollandicus. Within series 2, the viral prevalence was significant (P < 0.05) in samples from Nymphicus hollandicus collected in March. This study indicates significant prevalence of BFDV in captive Nymphicus hollandicus populations and suggests that the fluctuation in the prevalence of BFDV could be due to the combined influence of host-species and temporal factors.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Seyed Ali Kargar for his technical support.

Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Abolfazl Ghaniei

  2. Biotechnology Division, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

    Emadodin Tohidi

Authors
  1. Abolfazl Ghaniei
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Emadodin Tohidi.

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The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Ethical approval

No approval of research ethics committees was required to accomplish the goals of this study because the experimental work was conducted on feather samples received from bird owners.

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Handling Editor: Akbar Dastjerdi.

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Ghaniei, A., Tohidi, E. Fluctuation of the prevalence of beak and feather disease virus in captive psittacines in Iran. Arch Virol 168, 274 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-023-05895-3

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