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Full genotype characterization of Brazilian canine G3P[3] strains during a 10-year survey (2012–2021) of rotavirus infection in domestic dogs and cats

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Abstract

There is a dearth of information on the molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses in pets in Brazil. The aim of this study was to monitor rotavirus infections in household dogs and cats, determine full-genotype constellations, and obtain data on evolutionary relationships. Between 2012 and 2021, 600 fecal samples from dogs and cats (516 and 84, respectively) were collected at small animal clinics in São Paulo state, Brazil. Rotavirus screening was conducted using ELISA, PAGE, RT-PCR, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Rotavirus type A (RVA) was detected in 0.5% (3/600) of the animals. No non-RVA types were detected. The three canine RVA strains were found to have a novel genetic constellation, G3-P[3] -I2-R3-C2-M3-A9-N2-T3-E3-H6, which has never been reported in dogs. As expected, all of the viral genes, except those encoding NSP2 and VP7, were closely related to the corresponding genes from canine, feline, and canine-like-human RVA strains. A novel N2 (NSP2) lineage was identified, grouping together Brazilian canine, human, rat and bovine strains, suggesting that genetic reassortment had occurred. Uruguayan G3 strains obtained from sewage contained VP7 genes that were phylogenetically close to those of the Brazilian canine strains, which suggests that these strains are widely distributed in pet populations in South American countries. For the NSP2 (I2), NSP3 (T3), NSP4 (E3), NSP5 (H6), VP1 (R3), VP3 (M3), and VP6 (I2) segments, phylogenetic analysis revealed possibly new lineages. The epidemiological and genetic data presented here point out the necessity for collaborative efforts to implement the One Health strategy in the field of RVA research and to provide an updated understanding of RVA strains circulating canines in Brazil.

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Data availability statement

The genomic data used to support the findings of this study are openly available at the GenBank database. Any other data is available from the corresponding author upon request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Graduate Program in Science, Coordinator for Disease Control, Ministry of Health-PPG-CCD-SES/SP and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES).

Funding

This study was supported by the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) through the Grant numbers #2015/12944-9 and #2020/14786-0 to AL, #2020/02469-0 to YF and #2020/11182-6 to RSM. AL is also supported by Fundo Especial de Saúde para Imunização em Massa e Controle de Doenças (FESIMA) CAF nos. #001/2021 and #060/2021. ACC is supported by a scholarship from Laboratórios de Investigação Médica - Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (HCFMUSP) with funds donated by NUBANK under the #HCCOMVIDA scheme.

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Author notes

  1. Lais Sampaio de Azevedo and Fernanda Faria Costa contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil

    Lais Sampaio Azevedo, Ellen Viana, Yasmin França, Roberta Salzone Medeiros, Raquel Guiducci, Simone Guadagnucci Morillo, Dieli Primo & Adriana Luchs

  2. Provet Medicina Veterinária Diagnóstica, São Paulo, Brazil

    Fernanda Faria Costa & Ricardo Duarte Lopes

  3. Amigo Centro Médico Veterinário, São Paulo, Brazil

    Monique Beerens Abdul Ghani

  4. Laboratorio de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia Tropical-LIM07, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Michele Soares Gomes-Gouvêa

  5. Laboratorio de Parasitologia Médica-LIM46, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Antonio Charlys da Costa

  6. Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Virologia, Núcleo de Doenças Entéricas, Av. Dr Arnaldo, nº 355, São Paulo, SP, 01246-902, Brazil

    Adriana Luchs

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  1. Lais Sampaio Azevedo
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Contributions

AL conceived and designed the study protocol; LSA, FFC, MBAG, EL, YF, RSM, RG, SGM, DP, RDL, MSG, and ACC participated in the conduct of the study; LSA, FFC, MBAG, DP, and RDL acquired the data; LSA and RG performed the ELISA tests; LSA, FFC, and RG conducted PAGE screening; EL, YF, and RSM performed the RT-PCR tests; SGM, MSGG, ACC, and AL conducted sequencing assays; ACC and AL performed the phylogenetic analysis; AL analyzed, interpreted the data and drafted the manuscript; LSA, FFC, MBAG, EL, YF, RSM, RG, SGM, DP, RDL, MSSG, and ACC critically revised the manuscript for intellectual content. All authors read and approved the final version. AL is the guarantor of the paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Adriana Luchs.

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Supplementary Information

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705_2023_5807_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Supplement 1. Map of São Paulo state, Southwestern region, Brazil, highlighting municipalities (in red) from which samples were collected from domestic cats and dogs attended at small animal clinics between 2012 and 2021. Down: Map of Brazil showing São Paulo state. Up: Localities surveyed, including municipalities of São Paulo, Guarulhos, Barueri, Jundiaí, Mogi das Cruzes and Osasco. The map was generated with QGIS software v2.14.9 (https://www.qgis.org/pt_BR/site/about/index.html) (PDF 216 KB)

Supplementary file2 (DOC 47 KB)

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Azevedo, L.S., Costa, F.F., Ghani, M.B.A. et al. Full genotype characterization of Brazilian canine G3P[3] strains during a 10-year survey (2012–2021) of rotavirus infection in domestic dogs and cats. Arch Virol 168, 176 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-023-05807-5

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