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Cell-penetrating porcine single-chain antibodies (transbodies) against nonstructural protein 1β (NSP1β) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus inhibit virus replication

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Abstract

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) worldwide, especially in domestic pigs, with an enormous economic impact, estimated at $664 million in losses every year to the pig industry. Current vaccines confer limited protection, and no direct-acting anti-PRRS treatment is available. Non-structural protein (NSP) 1β, a cysteine-like protease (CLPro) of PRRSV plays an essential role in viral polyprotein processing, subgenomic RNA synthesis, and evasion of host innate immunity. Therefore, agents that interfere with the bioactivity of NSP1β would be expected to inhibit virus replication. In this study, a porcine single-chain antibody (scFv)-phage display library was constructed and used as a tool for production of NSP1β-specific porcine scFvs (pscFvs). The pscFvs to NSP1β were linked to a cell-penetrating peptide to form cell-penetrating pscFvs (transbodies), which could be internalized and inhibit PRRSV replication in infected cells. A computer simulation indicated that the effective pscFvs used several residues in multiple complementarity determining regions (CDRs) to interact with multiple residues in the CLPro and C-terminal motifs, which might explain the mechanism of pscFv-mediated inhibition of virus replication. Although experiments are needed to determine the antiviral mechanism of the transbodies, the current data indicate that transbodies can potentially be applied for treatment and prevention of PRRSV infection.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Thailand Research Fund, Office of the Higher Education Commission and Kasetsart University, Thailand (Grant number MRG5680053).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pathology, Translational Medicine Program, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhonratchasima, Thailand

    K. Thueng-in

  2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand

    K. Thueng-in & P. Lekcharoensuk

  3. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand

    S. Theerawatanasirikul

  4. School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia

    P. Meechan

  5. Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

    W. Chaicumpa

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  1. K. Thueng-in
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Correspondence to K. Thueng-in.

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Thueng-in, K., Theerawatanasirikul, S., Meechan, P. et al. Cell-penetrating porcine single-chain antibodies (transbodies) against nonstructural protein 1β (NSP1β) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus inhibit virus replication. Arch Virol 168, 133 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-023-05760-3

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