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Prunus necrotic ringspot virus in Turkey: an immigrant population

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Abstract

An outbreak in northwestern Turkey of prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV, genus Ilarvirus, family Bromoviridae) was sampled in 2016-2018. Gene sequences from these isolates, together with all of the gene sequence data for this virus in the GenBank database (>300 non-recombinant coat protein (CP) genes and 20 complete genomic sequences) were analysed to determine the relationship of the Turkish PNRSV isolates to those from other parts of the world. Phylogenetic and population genetic methods independently showed that the most recent common ancestor of the world PNRSV population was probably American, not Eurasian. PNRSV has spread to Turkey on several occasions, as its CP sequences are among the terminal branches of three of the most sampled CP phylogroups. The complete PNRSV genome consists of three segments (RNA1, RNA2, and RNA3), with the larger two encoding replicases and the smallest encoding the movement protein and the CP. One quarter of the RNA1 and RNA2 genes were recombinants. The phylogenies of the CP and MP genes (i.e., different regions of RNA3) were closely correlated but did not correlate with those of RNA1 and RNA2, indicating that some of the isolates were reassortants. However, the non-reassortant ancestor could not be identified, probably because none of the complete genome sequences were from isolates from the basal CP phylogroups. Our results emphasize the importance of strict quarantine, both international and local, for the world's stone fruit crops.

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The data supporting the findings of this study are included in this published article (and/or) its supplementary information. The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

A.Ç. provided personal funding to conduct field surveys and laboratory work in this study. This research is a part of the Doctoral dissertation of A.Ç. which was carried out in the Institute of Science at Ankara University, Turkey.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, 14030, Bolu, Turkey

    Ali Çelik

  2. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, 06110, Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey

    Adyatma Irawan Santosa & Filiz Ertunç

  3. Emeritus Faculty, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia

    Adrian J. Gibbs

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  1. Ali Çelik
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  2. Adyatma Irawan Santosa
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  3. Adrian J. Gibbs
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  4. Filiz Ertunç
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. A.Ç. performed field surveys, serological and molecular detection tests, and wrote the manuscript. A.Ç., A.I.S. and A.J.G. prepared sequence alignments, did phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis, and wrote and edited the manuscript. F.E. supervised the laboratory work and other analyses and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ali Çelik.

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Çelik, A., Santosa, A.I., Gibbs, A.J. et al. Prunus necrotic ringspot virus in Turkey: an immigrant population. Arch Virol 167, 553–562 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-022-05374-1

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