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Evidence for a non-fusogenic aquareovirus encoding a transmembrane protein

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Abstract

Fusogenic aquareoviruses can induce host cell-cell fusion, forming syncytia via a fusion-associated transmembrane protein. However, there have been very few reports on non-fusogenic aquareoviruses encoding a membrane-associated protein. Previously, sequence-based analysis has indicated that grass carp reovirus strain 104 (GCRV-104), a non-fusogenic aquareovirus, encodes the proteins VP8 (nt 36-263) and VP15 (nt 400-822) in its genome segment S11. Here, we employed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay to experimentally annotate small coding genes in the GCRV-104 genome and confirmed that segment S11 indeed functions as bicistronic mRNA. Notably, some additional polypeptides were identified that are encoded upstream of the VP15 open reading frame (ORF), which suggests that the virus uses a novel ORF with a non-AUG initiator codon, tentatively named VP15L (nt 274-822), which is longer than the previous putative VP15 ORF. Furthermore, a transmembrane domain was identified at the N-terminus of VP15L, but its function is unclear. Thus, the aquareovirus GCRV-104 potentially encodes a transmembrane protein, which opens a new perspective on the properties of viral proteins and the pathogenesis of this non-fusogenic reovirus.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr. Lingbing Zeng for kindly providing the aquareovirus strain GCRV-104.

Funding

This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 32002433), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (no. BK20200522), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (no. 2019B05614).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People’s Republic of China

    Fei Yu, Siyao Xia, Kai Hao & Zhe Zhao

  2. National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People’s Republic of China

    Hao Wang & Liqun Lu

  3. Key Laboratory of Agriculture Ministry for Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Hao Wang

Authors
  1. Fei Yu
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  2. Siyao Xia
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  3. Hao Wang
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  4. Kai Hao
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  6. Zhe Zhao
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Liqun Lu or Zhe Zhao.

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Handling Editor: Kalpana Agnihotri.

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Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary Data 1

The details of protein database construction of the small proteins of GCRV-104 (PDF 518 KB)

Supplementary Data 2

Peptides mapped to the GCRV-104 protein database by MS assay (XLSX 18 KB)

Supplementary Fig. S1

CIK cells infected with GCRV-104. Supplementary Fig. S2 Annotation of the GCRV-104 genome sequence, including the novel ORFs in the S3 and S11 segments (PDF 151 KB)

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Yu, F., Xia, S., Wang, H. et al. Evidence for a non-fusogenic aquareovirus encoding a transmembrane protein. Arch Virol 167, 571–575 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05297-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05297-3

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