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Detection of bat-associated circoviruses in Korean bats

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Abstract

In recent years, several novel circular single-stranded DNA viruses have been detected in various mammals, birds, insects, and environmental samples using metagenomic and high-throughput sequencing approaches. In this study, we tested for the presence of circoviruses in 243 bat fecal samples collected between 2018 and 2019 from 48 sampling sites across Korea. To detect circoviruses, nested PCR was performed with degenerate primers targeting a conserved replication-associated protein (rep) gene of circovirus/cyclovirus. Among 243 samples tested, a total of 37 fecal samples from 14 sampling sites were PCR-positive for circoviruses at a frequency rate of 15.23%. We obtained 36 partial rep gene sequences of circoviruses and one complete genome sequence of bat-associated circovirus 12, encompassing a genome size of 2097 nt containing two inversely arranged open reading frames and a conserved nonamer sequence in the apex of a stem-loop structure. In addition, we found four bat species that were harboring circoviruses in Korea based on species identification PCR of circovirus-positive bat fecal samples. Detailed sequence analysis indicated that the bat-associated circovirus sequences identified in this study were related to those of known bat and avian groups of circoviruses. Herein, we report evidence for the presence of bat-associated circoviruses in Korean bats.

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Availability of data and material

The data presented in this article are openly available in the GenBank database at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/, reference number [MW506294-MW506329, MW732037].

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Funding

This work was supported by KRIBB and the Bio Nano Health-Guard Research Center, funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) of Korea, as a Global Frontier Project (grant no. H-GUARD_2013M3A6B2078954) and by the Young Researcher Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT of Korea (NRF-2020R1C1C1010440). This work was also supported by "Regional Innovation Strategy (RIS)" through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education (MOE).

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Author notes

  1. Gowtham Dhandapani and Sun-Woo Yoon are Co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea

    Gowtham Dhandapani, Ji Yeong Noh, Seong Sik Jang, Min Chan Kim, Hyun A Lim & Hye Kwon Kim

  2. Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea

    Sun-Woo Yoon & Dae Gwin Jeong

  3. Bio-Analytical Science Division, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea

    Sun-Woo Yoon & Dae Gwin Jeong

  4. The Korean Institute of Biospeleology, Daejeon, 34225, Republic of Korea

    Yong Gun Choi

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  1. Gowtham Dhandapani
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  2. Sun-Woo Yoon
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Contributions

Conceptualization: GD, SWY, DGJ. Methodology: GD, JYN, SSJ. Formal analysis and investigation: GD, SWY. Writing—original draft preparation: GD. Writing—review and editing: HKK, DGJ. Funding acquisition: HKK, DGJ. Resources: YGC. Supervision: HKK, DGJ.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Dae Gwin Jeong or Hye Kwon Kim.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

To avoid animal disturbance, this study used dropped guano from beneath bat roosting sites/colonies in Korea without capturing or interfering with the roosting bats. Additionally, the bat guano was collected by an expert from the Korean Institute of Biospeleology during the cave investigation period. This sampling design did not require ethical approval for the study, and therefore, none was obtained. The authors confirm that the ethical policies of the journal, as noted on the journal’s author guidelines page, have been adhered to.

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Dhandapani, G., Yoon, SW., Noh, J.Y. et al. Detection of bat-associated circoviruses in Korean bats. Arch Virol 166, 3013–3021 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05202-y

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