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Detection of white spot syndrome virus in seafood samples using a magnetosome-based impedimetric biosensor

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Abstract

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a significant threat to the aquaculture sector, causing mortality among crabs and shrimps. Currently available diagnostic tests for WSSV are not rapid or cost-effective, and a new detection method is therefore needed. This study demonstrates the development of a biosensor by functionalization of magnetosomes with VP28-specific antibodies to detect WSSV in seafood. The magnetosomes (1 and 2 mg/ml) were conjugated with VP28 antibody (0.025–10 ng/µl), as confirmed by spectroscopy. The magnetosome-antibody conjugate was used to detect the VP28 antigen. The binding of antigen to the magnetosome-antibody complex resulted in a change in absorbance. The magnetosome-antibody-antigen complex was then concentrated and brought near a screen-printed carbon electrode by applying an external magnetic field, and the antigen concentration was determined using impedance measurements. The VP28 antigen (0.025 ng/µl) bound more efficiently to the magnetosome-VP28 antibody complex (0.025 ng/µl) than to the VP28 antibody (0.1 ng/µl) alone. The same assay was repeated to detect the VP28 antigen (0.01 ng/µl) in WSSV-infected seafood samples using the magnetosome-VP28 antibody complex (0.025 ng/µl). The WSSV in the seafood sample was also drawn toward the electrode due to the action of magnetosomes controlled by the external magnetic field and detected using impedance measurement. The presence of WSSV in seafood samples was verified by Western blot and RT-PCR. Cross-reactivity assays with other viruses confirmed the specificity of the magnetosome-based biosensor. The results indicate that the use of the magnetosome-based biosensor is a sensitive, specific, and rapid way to detect WSSV in seafood samples.

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The datasets in the current study are available from the corresponding author on request.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by a Grant-in-Aid from the Department of Biotechnology (DBT-No. BT/PR10570/PFN/20/839/2013).

Funding

Funded by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT-No. BT/PR10570/PFN/20/839/2013).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Marine Biotechnology and Bioproducts Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India

    Sumana Sannigrahi

  2. Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India

    Shiva Kumar Arumugasamy

  3. Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India

    Jayaraman Mathiyarasu

  4. Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India

    R. Sudhakaran

  5. Marine Biotechnology and Bio Products Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India

    K. Suthindhiran

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Contributions

SS performed the experiments and prepared the manuscript. SKA performed the electrochemical part, JM supervised the electrochemical part. RS supervised the VP28 extraction part. SK supervised the experiments described in the article. All authors approved the final draft.

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Correspondence to K. Suthindhiran.

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Sannigrahi, S., Arumugasamy, S.K., Mathiyarasu, J. et al. Detection of white spot syndrome virus in seafood samples using a magnetosome-based impedimetric biosensor. Arch Virol 166, 2763–2778 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05187-8

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