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Icariin, Formononetin and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Inhibit Feline Calicivirus Replication In Vitro

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Abstract

Cats infected with feline calicivirus (FCV) often display oral ulcers and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, which can lead to death in severe cases. Antiviral therapy is one of the most effective ways to control FCV infection. Natural compounds in Chinese herbal medicines and medicinal plants provide abundant resources for research on antiviral drugs. In this study, we found that icariin (ICA), formononetin (FMN) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CPAE) show low cytotoxicity towards F81 cells, that the three natural compounds have apparent antiviral effects on FCV in vitro, and that they can inhibit different FCV strains. Then, we found that ICA and FMN mainly function in the early stage of FCV infection, while CAPE can function in both the early and late stages of FCV infection. Finally, we found that ICA has an antagonistic effect on FMN and CAPE in FCV infection, and FMN has a synergistic effect with CAPE against FCV infection. Our results showed that ICA, FMN and CAPE may be potential drug candidates for FCV-induced diseases.

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Acknowledgment

The present work was supported by the National Key R&D Program for the 13th Five-Year Plan, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and the National Key R&D Program (2016YFD0501002).

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, Gansu, China

      Zhanding Cui & Zhiyong Li

    2. College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China

      Zhanding Cui,  Shihui Zhao, Qian Zhang, Yuxin Tan, Jiang Shao, Shuang Zhang, Hailong Huang, Junzheng Wang, Zhihua Pei, Kai Wang & Guixue Hu

    3. Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China

      Qian Wang

    4. College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, China

      Dengliang Li

    5. MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China

      Qianwen Gong

    6. College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China

      Ting Liu

    7. College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China

      Hao Dong

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    Contributions

    Zhanding Cui, Dengliang Li, Shihui Zhao, and Guixue Hu conceived and designed the experiments. Zhanding Cui, Dengliang Li and Shihui Zhao performed the experiments. Zhanding Cui, Dengliang Li and Shihui Zhao analyzed the data. Qian Zhang, Yuxin Tan, Qianwen Gong, Ting Liu, Jiang Shao, Shuang Zhang, Hailong Huang, Junzheng Wang, Zhihua Pei, Hao Dong and Kai Wang contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. Zhanding Cui, Dengliang Li and Shihui Zhao wrote the paper. Guixue Hu and Zhiyong Li requested financial support. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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    705_2021_5107_MOESM1_ESM.tif

    S1. ICA, FMN and CAPE IFA results. A solution of ICA, FMN and CAPE in DMSO was diluted to different concentrations (60 μM, 20 μM, 0 μM) with MEM. Solutions with different concentrations were then added to cells together with 100 TCID50 FCV. The mock group was treated with the same volume of MEM containing 0.4% DMSO.

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    Cui, Z., Wang, ., Li, . et al. Icariin, Formononetin and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Inhibit Feline Calicivirus Replication In Vitro. Arch Virol 166, 2443–2450 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05107-w

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