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Genome characterization of zucchini yellow mosaic virus infecting cucurbits reveals the presence of a new genotype in Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean region

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Abstract

Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is a member of the genus Potyvirus that is becoming a serious pathogen of pumpkin and other cucurbits in Trinidad and Tobago and the entire Caribbean region. In this study, four ZYMV isolates infecting pumpkin in Trinidad and Tobago were characterized by complete genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed 5.9–6.0% nt and 7.7–7.9% aa sequence divergence in comparison to the most closely related isolates NAT and AG from Israel and SE04T from Slovakia. Based on the variations in the complete genome sequence as well as individual gene sequences, a new genotype, designated ZYMV-Trini, is proposed for these isolates. Among the gene sequences of ZYMV-Trini isolates, the greatest variation was observed in the HC-Pro gene, with 20.8% aa sequence divergence from their closest relatives, whereas the least variation was observed in the NIb, P3, and CP genes, with 1.8–2.2% aa sequence divergence. This study also showed that transmission of ZYMV can occur through seeds, but this was less common than transmission via the aphid Aphis gossypii. The progression of ZYMV in pumpkin seedlings was quantified by RT-qPCR, which showed a rapid surge in viral load after 37 days. From recombination analysis, it could be concluded that the isolates SE04T from Slovakia, NAT from Israel, and AG from Israel have made major contributions to the genome architecture of ZYMV-Trini isolates.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to ACP-EU (Grant no. FED/2011/281-139) for the funding and support to carry out the research work. Logistical assistance provided by the collaborating institutions and Agriculture Ministries of the Caribbean states is duly acknowledged. We thank the ACP-EU project research group from the Department of Life Sciences, UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, for assistance in plant sampling.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, WI, Trinidad and Tobago

    Chinnaraja Chinnadurai, Mounika Kollam, Adesh Ramsubhag & Jayaraj Jayaraman

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  1. Chinnaraja Chinnadurai
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Correspondence to Jayaraj Jayaraman.

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Chinnadurai, C., Kollam, M., Ramsubhag, A. et al. Genome characterization of zucchini yellow mosaic virus infecting cucurbits reveals the presence of a new genotype in Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean region. Arch Virol 166, 1661–1669 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05048-4

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