Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: phylogenetic analysis of circulating strains in the Republic of Ireland from 2016 to 2017

  • Brief Report
  • Published:
Archives of Virology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In order to investigate the genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains currently circulating in the Republic of Ireland (ROI), the ORF5 gene from 17 field strains originating from four vaccinating commercial herds was sequenced and phylogenetically analysed. High genetic variability was observed between farms at the nucleotide (86.3-95.2%) and amino acid (85.5-96%) levels. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that all field strains belonged to the European species (type 1) and clustered into three separate groups within the subtype 1 subgroup. This variation may pose challenges for diagnosis and prophylactic control of PRRSV through vaccination in the ROI.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

References

  1. Holtkamp DJ, Kliebenstein JB, Neumann E, Zimmerman JJ (2013) Assessment of the economic impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on United States pork producers. J Swine Heal Prod 21:72–84

    Google Scholar 

  2. Paz X De, Vega D, Duran CO, Angulo J (2015) PRRS prevalence in Europe: perception of the pig veterinary practitioners. In: 7th Eur Symp Porc Heal Manag

  3. Keffaber KK (1989) Reproductive failure of unknown etiology. Am Assoc Swine Pract 1:1–1

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ohlinger VF, Pesch S, Bischoff C (2000) History, occurrence, dynamics and current status of PRRS in Europe. Vet Res 31:86–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Carmen S, Sanford SE, Dea S (1995) Asessment of seropositivity to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus in swime herds in Ontario—1978 to 1982. Can Vet J 36:776–777

    Google Scholar 

  6. Forsberg R (2005) Divergence time of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus subtypes. Mol Biol Evol 22:2131–2134

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Stadejek T, Stankevicius A, Murtaugh MP, Oleksiewicz MB (2013) Molecular evolution of PRRSV in Europe: current state of play. Vet Microbiol 165:21–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.02.029

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Murtaugh MP, Stadejek T, Abrahante JE, Lam TTY, Leung FCC (2010) The ever-expanding diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virus Res 154:18–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2010.08.015

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Terpstra C, Wensvoort G, Pol JM (1991) Experimental reproduction of porcine epidemic abortion and respiratory syndrome (mystery swine disease) by infection with Lelystad virus: Koch’s postulates fulfilled. Vet Q 13:131–136

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Stadejek T, Stankevicius A, Storgaard T, Oleksiewicz MB, Belák S, Drew TW et al (2002) Identification of radically different variants of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Eastern Europe: towards a common ancestor for European and American viruses. J Gen Virol 83:1861–1873

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Siddell SG, Walker PJ, Lefkowitz EJ, Mushegian AR, Adams MJ, Dutilh BE et al (2019) Additional changes to taxonomy ratified in a special vote by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (October 2018). Arch Virol 164:943–946. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-018-04136-2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Van Woensel PAM, Liefkens K, Demaret S (1998) European serotype PRRSV vaccine protects against European serotype challenge whereas an American serotype vaccine does not. Adv Exp Med Biol 440:713–718

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Shi M, Lam TTY, Hon CC, Hui RKH, Faaberg KS, Wennblom T et al (2010) Molecular epidemiology of PRRSV: a phylogenetic perspective. Virus Res 154:7–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2010.08.014

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. BØtner A, Strandbygaard B, SØrensen KJ, Have P, Madsen KG, Madsen ES et al (1997) Appearance of acute PRRS-like symptoms in sow herds after vaccination with a modified live PRRS vaccine. Vet Rec 141:497–499

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Morgan SB, Graham SP, Salguero FJ, Sánchez Cordón PJ, Mokhtar H, Rebel JMJ et al (2013) Increased pathogenicity of European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus is associated with enhanced adaptive responses and viral clearance. Vet Microbiol 163:13–22

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Reiner G, Fresen C, Bronnert S, Willems H (2009) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in wild boars. Vet Microbiol 136:250–258

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Molina-Barrios R, Luevano-Adame J, Henao-Díaz YA, Giménez-Lirola L, Piñeyro P, Magtoto R et al (2018) Collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) are susceptible to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Transbound Emerg Dis 65:1712–1719

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Chenais E, Depner K, Guberti V, Dietze K, Viltrop A, Ståhl K (2019) Epidemiological considerations on African swine fever in Europe 2014–2018. Porcine Health Manag 5:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Kleiboeker SB, Schommer SK, Lee S, Watkins S, Chittick W, Polson D (2005) Simultaneous detection of North American and European porcine reproductive and. J Vet Diagnostic Investig 170:165–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Pesente P, Rebonato V, Sandri G, Giovanardi D, Ruffoni LS, Torriani S (2006) Phylogenetic analysis of ORF5 and ORF7 sequences of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from PRRS-positive Italian farms: a showcase for PRRSV epidemiology and its consequences on farm management. Vet Microbiol 114:214–224

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhang Z, Schwartz S, Lukas W, Miller W (2000) A greedy algorithm for aligning DNA sequences. J Comput Biol 7:203–214. https://doi.org/10.1089/10665270050081478

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K (2018) MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol 35:1547–1549

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Saitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4:406–425

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Indik S, Valicek L, Klein D, Klanova J (2000) Variations in the major envelope glycoprotein GP5 of Czech strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Gen Virol 81:2497–2502

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Wissink EHJ, van Wijk HAR, Kroese MV, Weiland E, Meulenberg JJM, Rottier PJM et al (2003) The major envelope protein, GP5, of a European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus contains a neutralization epitope in its N-terminal ectodomain. J Gen Virol 84:1535–1543

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Smith N, Power UF, Mckillen J (2018) Phylogenetic analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates from Northern Ireland. Arch Virol 163:2799–2804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-018-3886-7

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Thaa B, Kaufer S, Neumann SA, Peibst B, Nauwynck H, Krause E et al (2017) The complex co-translational processing of glycoprotein GP5 of type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virus Res 240:112–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2017.08.004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Dea S, Gagnon CA, Mardassi H, Pirzadeh B, Rogan D (2000) Current knowledge on the structural proteins of PRRSV comparison of the North American and European isolates. 659–88

  29. Daniels R, Kurowski B, Johnson AE, Hebert DN (2003) N-linked glycans direct the cotranslational folding pathway of Influenza hemagglutinin. Mol Cell 11:79–90

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Ostrowski M, Galeota JA, Jar AM, Platt KB, Osorio FA, Lopez OJ (2002) Identification of neutralizing and nonneutralizing epitopes in the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 ectodomain. J Virol 76:4241–4250

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Plagemann PGW (2004) GP5 ectodomain epitope of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, strain Lelystad virus. Virus Res 102:225–230

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Wei Z, Lin T, Sun L, Li Y, Wang X, Gao F et al (2012) N-Linked glycosylation of GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus is critically important for virus replication in vivo. J Virol 86:9941–9951

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Frossard JP, Hughes GJ, Westcott DG, Naidu B, Williamson S, Woodger NGA et al (2013) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: Genetic diversity of recent British isolates. Vet Microbiol 162:507–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.11.011

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Wissink EHJ, Kroese MV, Maneschijn-Bonsing JG, Meulenberg JJM, van Rijn PA, Rijsewijk FAM et al (2004) Significance of the oligosaccharides of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus glycoproteins GP2a and GP5 for infectious virus production. J Gen Virol 85:3715–3723

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Murtaugh MP (2012) Use and interpretation of sequencing in PRRSV control programs. In: Allen D Leman Swine Conf, vol 39, pp 48–55

  36. Osorio FA, Galeota JA, Nelson E, Brodersen B, Doster A, Wills R, Zuckermann F, Laegreid WW (1998) PRRSV: comparison of commercial vaccines in their ability to induce protection against current PRRSV strains of high virulence. In: Proc 25th Anniv Allen D Leman Swine Conf, pp 176–182

  37. Pirzadeh B, Dea S (1998) Immune response in pigs vaccinated with plasmid DNA encoding ORF5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Gen Virol 79:989–999

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Trus I, Bonckaert C, van der Meulen K, Nauwynck HJ (2014) Efficacy of an attenuated European subtype 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine in pigs upon challenge with the East European subtype 3 PRRSV strain Lena. Vaccine 32:2995–3003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.077

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the producers and farm personnel for enabling this study and also, to sincerely thank Dr. Julia Adriana Calderón Díaz, Dr. John Moriarty and Dr. Edgar García Manzanilla for assisting with sample collection.

Funding

This work was completed within the scope of the PathSurvPig project. The project and Rose Fitzgerald were funded by the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine under the Research Stimulus Fund (Grant No. 14/S/832).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bio-Explore, Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Cork, T12 P928, Republic of Ireland

    Rose M. Fitzgerald, Hugh McGlynn & Helen O’Shea

  2. Veterinary Science Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, BT4 3SD, Northern Ireland

    Patrick J. Collins & Michael J. McMenamey

  3. School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 W6F6, Republic of Ireland

    Finola C. Leonard

Authors
  1. Rose M. Fitzgerald
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Patrick J. Collins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Michael J. McMenamey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Finola C. Leonard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hugh McGlynn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Helen O’Shea
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

RMF performed laboratory and phylogenetic analysis, prepared the first draft, and reviewed the manuscript. PJC provided technical laboratory advice, performed phylogenetic analysis, and reviewed the manuscript. MJMcM provided technical laboratory advice and reviewed the manuscript. FCL and HMcG reviewed the manuscript. HOS provided the study concept and reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final prepared manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rose M. Fitzgerald.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

Ethical approval was received from the Teagasc Animal Ethics Committee (TAEC 40/2013).

Additional information

Handling Editor: Zhenhai Chen.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Fitzgerald, R.M., Collins, P.J., McMenamey, M.J. et al. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: phylogenetic analysis of circulating strains in the Republic of Ireland from 2016 to 2017. Arch Virol 165, 2057–2063 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04710-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04710-7

Search

Navigation