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Comparative sequence and structural analysis of the ORF095 gene, a vaccinia virus A4L homolog of capripoxvirus in sheep and goats

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Abstract

Sheeppox and goatpox are important transboundary animal viral diseases of sheep and goats caused by sheeppox virus (SPPV) and goatpox virus (GTPV), respectively, of the genus Capripoxvirus, family Poxviridae. Among the proteins encoded by the capripoxvirus (CaPV) genome, ORF095 (vaccinia virus A4L homolog) is an immunodominant virion core protein that plays a pivotal role in virus assembly and morphogenesis. In the present study, sequence analysis of the ORF095 genes of 27 SPPV and GTPV isolates or field samples from different geographical regions of India was performed, and structure was prediction was done by homology modeling. A multiple sequence alignment of different CaPV isolates revealed that CaPV-A4L is highly conserved, with several species-specific signature residues, namely A93, A216, A315, G136 and G146 in GTPV, G47, A63, A168 and A276 in SPPV, and G48 and C98 in lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). Phylogenetically, the CaPV isolates were separated into three major clusters, GTPV, SPPV and LSDV, based on the complete coding sequence of the CaPV-A4L gene. Genus-specific clustering of poxviruses was observed in phylogenetic analysis based on A4L protein homologs of chordopoxviruses. A secondary structure prediction showed the presence of six α-helices and one β-sheet as well as some coils. The signature residues identified here are potentially useful for genotyping, and the predicted characteristics of the CaPV-A4L protein make it an ideal candidate for use as an immunogenic or diagnostic antigen for the development of immunoassays in  the sero-evaluation of CaPV in target hosts.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Director, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, for providing necessary facilities to carry out this work, and the staff of the pox virus laboratory, IVRI, Mukteswar, for their valuable and timely help in carrying out this work. The authors also thank the Directors and staff of the regional disease diagnostic laboratories of the state animal husbandry departments for sending the clinical samples to the pox laboratory, IVRI, Mukteswar, for diagnostic investigation of animal viral diseases. This study is part of the MVSc thesis work of the first author. The financial support provided by Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, under institute project (IXX09899) is also acknowledged.

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  1. Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India

    Aparna Madhavan, Gnanavel Venkatesan, Amit Kumar, Sargam Arya & A. B. Pandey

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  1. Aparna Madhavan
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Correspondence to Gnanavel Venkatesan.

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Madhavan, A., Venkatesan, G., Kumar, A. et al. Comparative sequence and structural analysis of the ORF095 gene, a vaccinia virus A4L homolog of capripoxvirus in sheep and goats. Arch Virol 165, 1419–1431 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04623-5

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