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Blood-based gene expression profile of oxidative stress and antioxidant genes for identifying surrogate markers of liver tissue injury in chronic hepatitis C patients

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Abstract

Oxidative stress is the process by which reactive molecules and free radicals are formed in cells. In this study, we report the blood-based gene expression profile of oxidative stress and antioxidant genes for identifying surrogate markers of liver tissue in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients by using real-time PCR. A total of 144 untreated patients diagnosed with CHC having genotype 3a and 20 healthy controls were selected for the present study. Liver biopsy staging and grading of CHC patients were performed using the METAVIR score. Total RNA was extracted from liver tissue and blood samples, followed by cDNA synthesis and real-time PCR. The relative expression of genes was calculated using the ΔΔCt method. The expression profile of 84 genes associated with oxidative stress and antioxidants was determined in liver tissue and blood samples. In liver tissue, 46 differentially expressed genes (upregulated, 27; downregulated, 19) were identified in CHC patients compared to normal samples. In blood, 61 genes (upregulated, 51; downregulated; 10) were significantly expressed in CHC patients. A comparison of gene expression in liver and whole blood showed that 20 genes were expressed in a similar manner in the liver and blood. The expression levels of commonly expressed liver and blood-based genes were also correlated with clinical factors in CHC patients. A receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis of oxidative stress genes (ALB, CAT, DHCR24, GPX7, PRDX5, and MBL2) showed that infections in patients with CHC can be distinguished from healthy controls. In conclusion, blood-based gene expression can reflect the behavior of oxidative stress genes in liver tissue, and this blood-based gene expression study in CHC patients explores new blood-based non-invasive biomarkers that represent liver damage.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr. Ghais-a-Nabi, Dr. Bilal Nasir, and Dr. Arsalan Raja from Lahore General Hospital for their assistance in collecting data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Divison of Molecular Virology, National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

    Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Idrees, Azeem Mehmood Butt, Syed Mohsin Raza, Iram Amin & Samia Afzal

  2. Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan

    Muhammad Idrees

  3. Department of Bioscience, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Azeem Mehmood Butt

  4. Department of Statistic, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan

    Afza Rasul

  5. Institute of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Science, Lahore, Pakistan

    Syed Mohsin Raza

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MI and MS conceived the study, participated in its design and coordination, and gave a critical perspective on the writing of the manuscript. MS performed the gene expression profile and analyzed the results. AMB, SMR, AR, SA, and IA participated in the analysis of results and manuscript writing. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Shahid, M., Idrees, M., Butt, A.M. et al. Blood-based gene expression profile of oxidative stress and antioxidant genes for identifying surrogate markers of liver tissue injury in chronic hepatitis C patients. Arch Virol 165, 809–822 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04564-z

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