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Innate immune response in astrocytes infected with herpes simplex virus 1

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Abstract

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), a double-stranded DNA virus, infects epithelial surfaces and establishes latency in the central nervous system, where astrocytes are a major immune cell type. Here, we report changes that occur in the expression of pathogen recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors, DNA and RNA sensors, interferons, and interferon-stimulated genes, when astrocytes are infected with HSV-1 strain F. We observed upregulation of Toll-like receptors 2, 6 and 9, MDA5, and DAI along with an increase in the expression of type I interferons and interferon-stimulated genes such as IFIT1, IFIT3 and RNase L. These genes encode proteins that mediate the antiviral immune response.

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Fig. 1
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Abbreviations

AIM2:

Absent in melanoma 2

cGAS:

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase

DAI:

DNA-dependent activator of IFN-regulatory factors

DHX9:

DExD/H-box helicase

eIF:

Eukaryotic initiation factor

GAS:

Gamma-interferon-activation sites

HSV-1:

Herpes simplex virus 1

IFN:

Interferon

IFN-R:

Interferon receptor

IFI204:

IFN-inducible gene 204

IFIT:

Interferon-induced proteins with tetracopeptide repeats

IRES:

Internal ribosome entry site

IRF:

Interferon regulatory factor

ISG:

Interferon-stimulated gene

ISRE:

Interferon-stimulated response element

JAK:

Janus kinase

MDA-5:

Melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5

PAMP:

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern

PKR:

Protein kinase R

PRR:

Pathogen recognition receptor

RIG-1:

Retinoic-acid-inducible gene 1

RNaseL:

Latent RNase

STAT:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

Tyk-2:

Tyrosine kinase 2

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Acknowledgements

Y.D.B and B.S were supported by the Department of Biotechnology and Infect-eRA (DBT, BT/In /InfecteRA /33/BS/2016-17). A visit by B.S. to Case Western Reserve University was supported by P30 AI0362 19.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India

    Yashvant D. Bansode & Bhaskar Saha

  2. National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India

    Debprasad Chattopadhyay

  3. Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Debprasad Chattopadhyay & Bhaskar Saha

  4. National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India

    Debprasad Chattopadhyay & Bhaskar Saha

  5. Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA

    Bhaskar Saha

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  1. Yashvant D. Bansode
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  2. Debprasad Chattopadhyay
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Correspondence to Bhaskar Saha.

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Bansode, Y.D., Chattopadhyay, D. & Saha, B. Innate immune response in astrocytes infected with herpes simplex virus 1. Arch Virol 164, 1433–1439 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-019-04197-x

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