Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2018
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Abstract
In 2018, the order Mononegavirales was expanded by inclusion of 1 new genus and 12 novel species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) and summarizes additional taxonomic proposals that may affect the order in the near future.
Introduction
The virus order Mononegavirales was established in 1991 to accommodate related viruses with nonsegmented, linear, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genomes distributed among three families [19, 20]. Today, the order includes 8 families [1, 2, 11, 21]. Amended/emended order descriptions were published in 1995 [5], 1997 [22], 2000 [23], 2005 [24], 2011 [6], 2016 [2], and 2017 [3]. In 2017, the Study Groups of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) responsible for the taxonomy of the order and its 8 families assigned unclassified mononegaviruses to existing or novel taxa and continued efforts to streamline the order nomenclature in collaboration with other virus experts. Here we present the changes that were proposed via official ICTV taxonomic proposals (TaxoProps) at http://www.ictvonline.org/ in 2017 and accepted by the ICTV Executive Committee (EC). These changes are part of the official ICTV taxonomy as of 2018.
Taxonomic changes at the order rank
In 2018, no changes were made at the order rank.
Taxonomic changes at the family rank
Bornaviridae
The family Bornaviridae was expanded in 2018 by creation of a second genus (Carbovirus), including two novel species for the newly discovered jungle carpet python virus (JCPV) and southwest carpet python virus (SWCPV) found in carpet pythons (Pythonidae: Morelia spilota), respectively [10]. The previously established genus Bornavirus was renamed Orthobornavirus to remove the ambiguity of the terms “bornavirus”/“bornaviral” that resulted due to the creation of the second genus (in absence of the genus name change, “bornavirus”/“bornaviral” could refer either to all members of the family Bornaviridae or only to those of the genus Bornavirus). All binomial species names of the genus Bornavirus were adjusted by replacing the genus epithet “bornavirus” with “orthobornavirus” (TaxoProps 2017.005M.A.v1.Carbovirus and 2017.004M.A.v1.Bornaviridae_ren).
Filoviridae
The species name Taï Forest ebolavirus was changed to Tai Forest ebolavirus by removal of the diaeresis (TaxoProp 2017.001G.A.v2.43spren).
Mymonaviridae
In 2018, no changes were made at the family rank.
Nyamiviridae
In 2018, no changes were made at the family rank.
Paramyxoviridae
The genus Avulavirus was expanded in 2018 by the addition of six species (TaxoProp 2017.010M.A.v2.Avulavirus_6sp). The species Avian avulavirus 14–16 were established for avian paramyxoviruses 14–16 (APMV-14–16) that were recently discovered in an unspecified duck in Japan, a white-rumped sandpiper (Scolopacidae: Calidris fuscicollis) in Brazil, and unspecified birds in South Korea, respectively [12, 27, 28]. The species Avian avulavirus 17–19 were established for Antarctic penguin viruses A–C (APVA–APVC) that were recently discovered in Antarctic long-tailed gentoo penguins (Spheniscidae: Pygoscelis papua) [18].
Pneumoviridae
In 2018, no changes were made at the family rank.
Rhabdoviridae
The genus Ledantevirus was expanded in 2018 by one species, Kanywara ledantevirus, for Kanywara virus (KYAV) recently discovered in an unclassified nycteribiid batfly in Uganda [8] (TaxoProp 2017.009M.A.v1.Ledantevirus_sp).
The genus Lyssavirus was expanded by the addition of two novel species, Gannoruwa bat lyssavirus and Lleida bat lyssavirus, for Gannoruwa bat lyssavirus (GBLV) and Lleida bat virus (LLEBV), recently discovered in Indian flying foxes (Pteropus medius) in Sri Lanka and in a Schreibers’s long-fingered bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) in Spain in 2011, respectively [4, 9, 15] (TaxoProps 2017.013M.A.v1.Lyssavirus_sp and 2017.014M.A.v1.Lyssavirus_sp).
Finally, the genus Tibrovirus was expanded by one species, Beatrice Hill tibrovirus, for Beatrice Hill virus (BHV) discovered in 1984 in Australian biting midges (Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides peregrinus) [26, 29] (TaxoProp 2017.019M.U.v1.Tibrovirus_sp).
Sunviridae
In 2018, no changes were made at the family rank.
Outlook
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expansion of the family Mymonaviridae by 6 species for novel soybean leaf-associated viruses and an invertebrate virus [16, 17, 25];
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transfer of the nyamiviral genus Peropuvirus into a new family and expansion of the genus by 6 species for novel invertebrate viruses [13, 25];
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transfer of the free-floating genus Crustavirus into the family Nyamiviridae; the expansion of Crustavirus by two species for novel invertebrate viruses; and the expansion of Nyamiviridae by an additional three genera that include a total of five species for novel invertebrate viruses [13, 25];
-
establishment of a new family that absorbs the previously free-floating genus Anphevirus and expansion of this genus by six species for novel invertebrate viruses [7, 13, 14, 25]; and
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dissolution of the previously free-floating genera Chengivirus and Wastrivirus and transfer of their species into the genus Arlivirus, expansion of Arlivirus by three new species for novel invertebrate viruses [13, 25], and transfer of this genus into a new family.
These two proposals failed to find unanimous approval at a final ICTV EC vote in fall of 2017 and were deferred to the 2018 ICTV EC meeting, at which a simple majority vote would suffice for approval of the original proposals.
Summary
ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as of 2018. Listed are all mononegaviruses that have been classified into species
| Genus | Species¶ | Virus (Abbreviation)¶ |
|---|---|---|
| Family Bornaviridae | ||
| Carbovirus | Queensland carbovirus* | jungle carpet python virus (JCPV) |
| Southwest carbovirus | southwest carpet python virus (SWCPV) | |
| Orthobornavirus | Elapid 1 orthobornavirus | Loveridge’s garter snake virus 1 (LGSV-1) |
| Mammalian 1 orthobornavirus* | Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) | |
| Borna disease virus 2 (BoDV-2) | ||
| Mammalian 2 orthobornavirus | variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1) | |
| Passeriform 1 orthobornavirus | canary bornavirus 1 (CnBV-1) | |
| canary bornavirus 2 (CnBV-2) | ||
| canary bornavirus 3 (CnBV-3) | ||
| Passeriform 2 orthobornavirus | estrildid finch bornavirus 1 (EsBV-1) | |
| Psittaciform 1 orthobornavirus | parrot bornavirus 1 (PaBV-1) | |
| parrot bornavirus 2 (PaBV-2) | ||
| parrot bornavirus 3 (PaBV-3) | ||
| parrot bornavirus 4 (PaBV-4) | ||
| parrot bornavirus 7 (PaBV-7) | ||
| Psittaciform 2 orthobornavirus | parrot bornavirus 5 (PaBV-5) | |
| Waterbird 1 orthobornavirus | aquatic bird bornavirus 1 (ABBV-1) | |
| aquatic bird bornavirus 2 (ABBV-2) | ||
| Family Filoviridae | ||
| Cuevavirus | Lloviu cuevavirus* | Lloviu virus (LLOV) |
| Ebolavirus | Bundibugyo ebolavirus | Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) |
| Reston ebolavirus | Reston virus (RESTV) | |
| Sudan ebolavirus | Sudan virus (SUDV) | |
| Tai Forest ebolavirus | Taï Forest virus (TAFV) | |
| Zaire ebolavirus* | Ebola virus (EBOV) | |
| Marburgvirus | Marburg marburgvirus* | Marburg virus (MARV) |
| Ravn virus (RAVV) | ||
| Family Mymonaviridae | ||
| Sclerotimonavirus | Sclerotinia sclerotimonavirus* | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (SsNSRV-1) |
| Family Nyamiviridae | ||
| Nyavirus | Midway nyavirus | Midway virus (MIDWV) |
| Nyamanini nyavirus* | Nyamanini virus (NYMV) | |
| Sierra Nevada nyavirus | Sierra Nevada virus (SNVV) | |
| Peropuvirus | Pteromalus puparum peropuvirus* | Pteromalus puparum negative-strand RNA virus 1 (PpNSRV-1) |
| Socyvirus | Soybean cyst nematode socyvirus* | soybean cyst nematode virus 1 (SbCNV-1) |
| Family Paramyxoviridae | ||
| Aquaparamyxovirus | Salmon aquaparamyxovirus* | Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus (AsaPV) |
| Avulavirus | Avian avulavirus 1* | avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1)1 |
| Avian avulavirus 2 | avian paramyxovirus 2 (APMV-2) | |
| Avian avulavirus 3 | avian paramyxovirus 3 (APMV-3) | |
| Avian avulavirus 4 | avian paramyxovirus 4 (APMV-4) | |
| Avian avulavirus 5 | avian paramyxovirus 5 (APMV-5) | |
| Avian avulavirus 6 | avian paramyxovirus 6 (APMV-6) | |
| Avian avulavirus 7 | avian paramyxovirus 7 (APMV-7) | |
| Avian avulavirus 8 | avian paramyxovirus 8 (APMV-8) | |
| Avian avulavirus 9 | avian paramyxovirus 9 (APMV-9) | |
| Avian avulavirus 10 | avian paramyxovirus 10 (APMV-10) | |
| Avian avulavirus 11 | avian paramyxovirus 11 (APMV-11) | |
| Avian avulavirus 12 | avian paramyxovirus 12 (APMV-12) | |
| Avian avulavirus 13 | avian paramyxovirus 13 (APMV-13) | |
| Avian avulavirus 14 | avian paramyxovirus 14 (APMV-14) | |
| Avian avulavirus 15 | avian paramyxovirus 15 (APMV-15) | |
| Avian avulavirus 16 | avian paramyxovirus 16 (APMV-16) | |
| Avian avulavirus 17 | Antarctic penguin virus A (APV-A) | |
| Avian avulavirus 18 | Antarctic penguin virus B (APV-B) | |
| Avian avulavirus 19 | Antarctic penguin virus C (APV-C) | |
| Ferlavirus | Reptilian ferlavirus* | Fer-de-Lance virus (FDLV) |
| Henipavirus | Cedar henipavirus | Cedar virus (CedV) |
| Ghanaian bat henipavirus | Kumasi virus (KV)2 | |
| Hendra henipavirus* | Hendra virus (HeV) | |
| Mojiang henipavirus | Mòjiāng virus (MojV) | |
| Nipah henipavirus | Nipah virus (NiV) | |
| Morbillivirus | Canine morbillivirus | canine distemper virus (CDV) |
| Cetacean morbillivirus | cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) | |
| Feline morbillivirus | feline morbillivirus (FeMV) | |
| Measles morbillivirus* | measles virus (MeV) | |
| Small ruminant morbillivirus | peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) | |
| Phocine morbillivirus | phocine distemper virus (PDV) | |
| Rinderpest morbillivirus | rinderpest virus (RPV) | |
| Respirovirus | Bovine respirovirus 3 | bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3) |
| Human respirovirus 1 | human parainfluenza virus 1 (HPIV-1) | |
| Human respirovirus 3 | human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV-3) | |
| Porcine respirovirus 1 | porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV-1) | |
| Murine respirovirus* | Sendai virus (SeV)3 | |
| Rubulavirus | Achimota rubulavirus 1 | Achimota virus 1 (AchPV-1) |
| Achimota rubulavirus 2 | Achimota virus 2 (AchPV-2) | |
| Bat mumps rubulavirus | bat mumps virus (BMV)4 | |
| Canine rubulavirus | parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV-5)5 | |
| Human rubulavirus 2 | human parainfluenza virus 2 (HPIV-2) | |
| Human rubulavirus 4 | human parainfluenza virus 4a (HPIV-4a) | |
| human parainfluenza virus 4b (HPIV-4b) | ||
| Mapuera rubulavirus | Mapuera virus (MapV) | |
| Menangle rubulavirus | Menangle virus (MenPV) | |
| Mumps rubulavirus* | mumps virus (MuV) | |
| Porcine rubulavirus | La Piedad Michoacán Mexico virus (LPMV)6 | |
| Simian rubulavirus | simian virus 41 (SV-41) | |
| Sosuga rubulavirus | Sosuga virus | |
| Teviot rubulavirus | Teviot virus (TevPV) | |
| Tioman rubulavirus | Tioman virus (TioPV) | |
| Tuhoko rubulavirus 1 | Tuhoko virus 1 (ThkPV-1) | |
| Tuhoko rubulavirus 2 | Tuhoko virus 2 (ThkPV-2) | |
| Tuhoko rubulavirus 3 | Tuhoko virus 3 (ThkPV-3) | |
| Family Pneumoviridae | ||
| Metapneumovirus | Avian metapneumovirus* | avian metapneumovirus (AMPV)7 |
| Human metapneumovirus | human metapneumovirus (HMPV) | |
| Orthopneumovirus | Bovine orthopneumovirus | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) |
| Human orthopneumovirus* | human respiratory syncytial virus A2 (HRSV-A2) | |
| human respiratory syncytial virus B1 (HRSV-B1) | ||
| Murine orthopneumovirus | murine pneumonia virus (MPV) | |
| Family Rhabdoviridae | ||
| Almendravirus | Arboretum almendravirus | Arboretum virus (ABTV) |
| Balsa almendravirus | Balsa virus (BALV) | |
| Coot Bay almendravirus | Coot Bay virus (CBV) | |
| Puerto Almendras almendravirus* | Puerto Almendras virus (PTAMV) | |
| Rio Chico almendravirus | Rio Chico virus (RCHV) | |
| Curiovirus | Curionopolis curiovirus* | Curionopolis virus (CURV) |
| Iriri curiovirus | Iriri virus (IRIRV) | |
| Itacaiunas curiovirus | Itacaiunas virus (ITAV) | |
| Rochambeau curiovirus | Rochambeau virus (RBUV) | |
| Cytorhabdovirus | Alfalfa dwarf cytorhabdovirus | alfalfa dwarf virus (ADV) |
| Barley yellow striate mosaic cytorhabdovirus | barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV) | |
| Broccoli necrotic yellows cytorhabdovirus | broccoli necrotic yellows virus (BNYV) | |
| Colocasia bobone disease-associated cytorhabdovirus | Colocasia bobone disease-associated virus (CBDaV) | |
| Festuca leaf streak cytorhabdovirus | festuca leaf streak virus (FLSV) | |
| Lettuce necrotic yellows cytorhabdovirus* | lettuce necrotic yellows virus (LNYV) | |
| Lettuce yellow mottle cytorhabdovirus | lettuce yellow mottle virus (LYMoV) | |
| Northern cereal mosaic cytorhabdovirus | northern cereal mosaic virus (NCMV) | |
| Sonchus cytorhabdovirus 1 | sonchus virus (SonV) | |
| Strawberry crinkle cytorhabdovirus | strawberry crinkle virus (SCV) | |
| Wheat American striate mosaic cytorhabdovirus | wheat American striate mosaic virus (WASMV) | |
| Dichorhavirus | Coffee ringspot dichorhavirus | coffee ringspot virus (CoRSV) |
| Orchid fleck dichorhavirus* | orchid fleck virus (OFV)8 | |
| Ephemerovirus | Adelaide River ephemerovirus | Adelaide River virus (ARV) |
| Berrimah ephemerovirus | Berrimah virus (BRMV) | |
| Bovine fever ephemerovirus* | bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) | |
| Kimberley ephemerovirus | Kimberley virus (KIMV) | |
| Malakal virus (MALV) | ||
| Koolpinyah ephemerovirus | Koolpinyah virus (KOOLV) | |
| Kotonkan ephemerovirus | kotonkan virus (KOTV) | |
| Obodhiang ephemerovirus | Obodhiang virus (OBOV) | |
| Yata ephemerovirus | Yata virus (YATV) | |
| Hapavirus | Flanders hapavirus | Flanders virus (FLAV) |
| Hart Park hapavirus | Hart Park virus (HPV) | |
| Gray Lodge hapavirus | Gray Lodge virus (GLOV) | |
| Joinjakaka hapavirus | Joinjakaka virus (JOIV) | |
| La Joya hapavirus | La Joya virus (LJV) | |
| Kamese hapavirus | Kamese virus (KAMV) | |
| Landjia hapavirus | Landjia virus (LANV = LJAV) | |
| Manitoba hapavirus | Manitoba virus (MANV = MNTBV) | |
| Marco hapavirus | Marco virus (MCOV) | |
| Mosqueiro hapavirus | Mosqueiro virus (MQOV) | |
| Mossuril hapavirus | Mossuril virus (MOSV) | |
| Ngaingan hapavirus | Ngaingan virus (NGAV) | |
| Ord River hapavirus | Ord River virus (ORV) | |
| Parry Creek hapavirus | Parry Creek virus (PCV) | |
| Wongabel hapavirus* | Wongabel virus (WONV) | |
| Ledantevirus | Barur ledantevirus | Barur virus (BARV) |
| Fikirini ledantevirus | Fikirini virus (FKRV) | |
| Fukuoka ledantevirus | Fukuoka virus (FUKV) | |
| Kanyawara ledantevirus | Kanyawara virus (KYAV) | |
| Kern Canyon ledantevirus | Kern Canyon virus (KCV) | |
| Keuraliba ledantevirus | Keuraliba virus (KEUV) | |
| Kolente ledantevirus | Kolente virus (KOLEV) | |
| Kumasi ledantevirus | Kumasi rhabdovirus (KRV) | |
| Le Dantec ledantevirus* | Le Dantec virus (LDV) | |
| Mount Elgon bat ledantevirus | Mount Elgon bat virus (MEBV) | |
| Nkolbisson ledantevirus | Nkolbisson virus (NKOV) | |
| Nishimuro ledantevirus | Nishimuro virus (NISV)9 | |
| Oita ledantevirus | Oita virus (OITAV) | |
| Wuhan ledantevirus | Wǔhàn louse fly virus 5 (WLFV-5) | |
| Yongjia ledantevirus | Yǒngjiā tick virus 2 (YTV-2) | |
| Lyssavirus | Aravan lyssavirus | Aravan virus (ARAV) |
| Australian bat lyssavirus | Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) | |
| Bokeloh bat lyssavirus | Bokeloh bat lyssavirus (BBLV) | |
| Duvenhage lyssavirus | Duvenhage virus (DUVV) | |
| European bat 1 lyssavirus | European bat lyssavirus 1 (EBLV-1) | |
| European bat 2 lyssavirus | European bat lyssavirus 2 (EBLV-2) | |
| Gannoruwa bat lyssavirus | Gannoruwa bat lyssavirus (GBLV) | |
| Ikoma lyssavirus | Ikoma lyssavirus (IKOV) | |
| Irkut lyssavirus | Irkut virus (IRKV) | |
| Khujand lyssavirus | Khujand virus (KHUV) | |
| Lagos bat lyssavirus | Lagos bat virus (LBV) | |
| Lleida bat lyssavirus | Lleida bat virus (LLEBV) | |
| Mokola lyssavirus | Mokola virus (MOKV) | |
| Rabies lyssavirus* | rabies virus (RABV) | |
| Shimoni bat lyssavirus | Shimoni bat virus (SHIBV) | |
| West Caucasian bat lyssavirus | West Caucasian bat virus (WCBV) | |
| Novirhabdovirus | Hirame novirhabdovirus | hirame rhabdovirus (HIRV) |
| Piscine novirhabdovirus | viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV)10 | |
| Salmonid novirhabdovirus* | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) | |
| Snakehead novirhabdovirus | snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV) | |
| Nucleorhabdovirus | Datura yellow vein nucleorhabdovirus | datura yellow vein virus (DYVV) |
| Eggplant mottled dwarf nucleorhabdovirus | eggplant mottled dwarf virus (EMDV) | |
| Maize fine streak nucleorhabdovirus | maize fine streak virus (MSFV) | |
| Maize Iranian mosaic nucleorhabdovirus | maize Iranian mosaic virus (MIMV) | |
| Maize mosaic nucleorhabdovirus | maize mosaic virus (MMV) | |
| Potato yellow dwarf nucleorhabdovirus* | potato yellow dwarf virus (PYDV) | |
| Rice yellow stunt nucleorhabdovirus | rice yellow stunt virus (RYSV) | |
| rice transitory yellowing virus (RTYV) | ||
| Sonchus yellow net nucleorhabdovirus | sonchus yellow net virus (SYNV) | |
| Sowthistle yellow vein nucleorhabdovirus | sowthistle yellow vein virus (SYVV) | |
| Taro vein chlorosis nucleorhabdovirus | taro vein chlorosis virus (TaVCV) | |
| Perhabdovirus | Anguillid perhabdovirus | eel virus European X (EVEX) |
| Perch perhabdovirus* | perch rhabdovirus (PRV) | |
| Sea trout perhabdovirus | lake trout rhabdovirus (LTRV) | |
| Sigmavirus | Drosophila affinis sigmavirus | Drosophila affinis sigmavirus (DAffSV) |
| Drosophila ananassae sigmavirus | Drosophila ananassae sigmavirus (DAnaSV) | |
| Drosophila immigrans sigmavirus | Drosophila immigrans sigmavirus (DImmSV) | |
| Drosophila melanogaster sigmavirus* | Drosophila melanogaster sigmavirus (DMelSV) | |
| Drosophila obscura sigmavirus | Drosophila obscura sigmavirus (DObsSV) | |
| Drosophila tristis sigmavirus | Drosophila tristis sigmavirus (DTriSV) | |
| Muscina stabulans sigmavirus | Muscina stabulans sigmavirus (MStaSV) | |
| Sprivivirus | Carp sprivivirus* | spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) |
| Pike fry sprivivirus | grass carp rhabdovirus (GrCRV) | |
| pike fry rhabdovirus (PFRV) | ||
| tench rhabdovirus (TenRV) | ||
| Sripuvirus | Almpiwar sripuvirus | Almpiwar virus (ALMV) |
| Chaco sripuvirus | Chaco virus (CHOV) | |
| Niakha sripuvirus* | Niakha virus (NIAV) | |
| Sena Madureira sripuvirus | Sena Madureira virus (SMV) | |
| Sripur sripuvirus | Sripur virus (SRIV) | |
| Tibrovirus | Bas Congo tibrovirus | Bas-Congo virus (BASV) |
| Beatrice Hill tibrovirus | Beatrice Hill virus (BHV) | |
| Coastal Plains tibrovirus | Coastal Plains virus (CPV) | |
| Ekpoma 1 tibrovirus | Ekpoma virus 1 (EKV-1) | |
| Ekpoma 2 tibrovirus | Ekpoma virus 2 (EKV-2) | |
| Sweetwater Branch tibrovirus | Sweetwater Branch virus (SWBV) | |
| Tibrogargan tibrovirus* | Bivens Arm virus (BAV) | |
| Tibrogargan virus (TIBV) | ||
| Tupavirus | Durham tupavirus* | Durham virus (DURV) |
| Klamath tupavirus | Klamath virus (KLAV) | |
| Tupaia tupavirus | tupaia virus (TUPV) | |
| Varicosavirus | Lettuce big-vein associated varicosavirus* | lettuce big-vein associated virus (LBVaV)11 |
| Vesiculovirus | Alagoas vesiculovirus | vesicular stomatitis Alagoas virus (VSAV) |
| American bat vesiculovirus | American bat vesiculovirus (ABVV) | |
| Carajas vesiculovirus | Carajás virus (CJSV) | |
| Chandipura vesiculovirus | Chandipura virus (CHPV) | |
| Cocal vesiculovirus | Cocal virus (COCV) | |
| Indiana vesiculovirus* | vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV) | |
| Isfahan vesiculovirus | Isfahan virus (ISFV) | |
| Jurona vesiculovirus | Jurona virus (JURV) | |
| Malpais Spring vesiculovirus | Malpais Spring virus (MSPV) | |
| Maraba vesiculovirus | Maraba virus (MARAV) | |
| Morreton vesiculovirus | Morreton virus (MORV) | |
| New Jersey vesiculovirus | vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) | |
| Perinet vesiculovirus | Perinet virus (PERV) | |
| Piry vesiculovirus | Piry virus (PIRYV) | |
| Radi vesiculovirus | Radi virus (RADV) | |
| Yug Bogdanovac vesiculovirus | Yug Bogdanovac virus (YBV) | |
| Unassigned | Moussa virus | Moussa virus (MOUV) |
| Family Sunviridae | ||
| Sunshinevirus | Reptile sunshinevirus 1* | Sunshine Coast virus (SunCV) |
| Unassigned | ||
| Anphevirus | Xincheng anphevirus* | Xīnchéng mosquito virus (XcMV) |
| Arlivirus | Lishi arlivirus* | Líshí spider virus 2 (LsSV-2) |
| Chengtivirus | Tacheng chengtivirus* | Tǎchéng tick virus 6 (TcTV-6) |
| Crustavirus | Wenzhou crustavirus* | Wēnzhōu crab virus 1 (WzCV-1) |
| Wastrivirus | Sanxia wastrivirus* | Sānxiá water strider virus 4 (SxWSV-4) |
Notes
Acknowledgements
We thank Laura Bollinger (NIH/NIAID Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA) for critically editing the manuscript.
Funding
This work was supported in part through Battelle Memorial Institute’s prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract no. HHSN272200700016I (Y.C., J.H.K.). This work was also funded in part under Contract no. HSHQDC-15-C-00064 awarded by DHS S&T for the management and operation of the National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), a federally funded research and development center (V.W.); National Institutes of Health (NIH) contract HHSN272201000040I/HHSN27200004/D04 and Grant R24AI120942 (N.V., R.B.T.); and intramural funds of the US Department of Health and Human Services to the US National Library of Medicine (E.V.K. and Y.I.W.). This work was also supported by the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), Scottish Government and Welsh Government (Grant no. SV3500) (A.R.F.).
Compliance with ethical standards
The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the US Department of the Army, the US Department of Defense, the US Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T), or of the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors. In no event shall any of these entities have any responsibility or liability for any use, misuse, inability to use, or reliance upon the information contained herein. The US departments do not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
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