Abstract
Mycobacteriophage archival stocks have been kept for ca. 20–50 years in Japan. In this study, we attempted to recover mycobacteriophages from 50 archival stocks and briefly analyzed the recovered phages. The phages were recovered from 72.2% (13/18) of the lyophilized stocks that had been stored for 47-56 years. Moreover, the analysis of 12 representative recovered phages led to their classification as belonging to the family Siphoviridae, and seven of them were typed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the gene that encodes the tape measure protein. Considering these results, lyophilization seems to be suitable for phage archival storage.
References
Gardner GM, Weiser RS (1947) Discovery of a bacteriophage for Mycobacterium smegmatis. J Bacteriol 54:272
Raj CV, Ramakrishnan T (1970) Transduction in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Nature 228:280–281
Hnatko SI (1953) The isolation of bacteriophages for mycobacteria with reference to phage typing of the genus. Can J Med Sci 31:462–473
Hauduroy P, Rosset W (1963) Attempt at treatment of BCG-vaccinated hamsters with a bacteriophage. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 104:419–420
Macander-Golez W (1959) Effect of mycobacteriophage “P17” on acid-fast bacilli isolated from lymph node pus during increased reactions following BCG vaccination. Gruzlica 27:1197–1202
Trigo G, Martins TG, Fraga AG, Longatto-Filho A, Castro AG, Azeredo J, Pedrosa J (2013) Phage therapy is effective against infection by Mycobacterium ulcerans in a murine footpad model. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7:e2183
Fu X, Ding M, Zhang N, Li J (2015) Mycobacteriophages: an important tool for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (review). Mol Med Rep 12:13–19
Pope WH, Hatfull GF (2015) Adding pieces to the puzzle: new insights into bacteriophage diversity from integrated research-education programs. Bacteriophage 5:e1084073
Murohashi T, Tokunaga T, Seki M (1959) Isolation of mycobacteriophages and their lytic activities. Med Biol 53:242–246
Murohashi T, Tokunaga T (1960) Classification of mycobacteria by mycophage. Med Biol 56:210–246
Tokunaga T, Okamoto S, Murohashi T (1960) Studies on the method of sensitivity test of mycophage against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Med Biol 54:172–177
Murohashi T, Tokunaga T, Seki M (1960) Effect of freeze-drying on the preservability of mycophage. Med Biol 54:214–218
Tokunaga T, Seki M, Matsuya T, Murohashi T (1960) Susceptibility of various type of tubercle bacilli to mycophages. Med Biol 54:223–227
Tokunaga T, Murohashi T, Seki M (1960) Studies on the classification of mycobacteriophages. Med Biol 55:26–30
Tokunaga T, Murohashi T (1963) Classification of mycobacteriophage. Jap J Med Sci Biol 16:13–20
Tokunaga T, Murohashi T (1963) A routine test procedure for phage typing of Mycobacteria. Jap J Med Sci Biol 16:21–30
Mizuguchi Y, Maruyama Y, Suga K, Murohashi T (1973) Comparison of phage susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from patients in Japan, Netherland and Ceylon. Kekkaku 48:219–225
Ackermann HW, Tremblay D, Moineau S (2004) Long-term bacteriophage preservation. WFCC Newsl 38:35–40
Uchiyama J, Rashel M, Takemura I, Wakiguchi H, Matsuzaki S (2008) In silico and in vivo evaluation of bacteriophage phiEF24C, a candidate for treatment of Enterococcus faecalis infections. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:4149–4163
Jacobs-Sera D, Marinelli LJ, Bowman C, Broussard GW, Guerrero Bustamante C, Boyle MM, Petrova ZO, Dedrick RM, Pope WH, Science Education Alliance Phage Hunters Advancing G, Evolutionary Science Sea-Phages P, Modlin \ RL, Hendrix RW, Hatfull GF (2012) On the nature of mycobacteriophage diversity and host preference. Virology 434:187–201
Smith KC, Castro-Nallar E, Fisher JN, Breakwell DP, Grose JH, Burnett SH (2013) Phage cluster relationships identified through single gene analysis. BMC Genom 14:410
Pedulla ML, Ford ME, Houtz JM, Karthikeyan T, Wadsworth C, Lewis JA, Jacobs-Sera D, Falbo J, Gross J, Pannunzio NR, Brucker W, Kumar V, Kandasamy J, Keenan L, Bardarov S, Kriakov J, Lawrence JG, Jacobs WR Jr, Hendrix RW, Hatfull GF (2003) Origins of highly mosaic mycobacteriophage genomes. Cell 113:171–182
Fortier LC, Moineau S (2009) Phage production and maintenance of stocks, including expected stock lifetimes. Methods Mol Biol 501:203–219
Zierdt CH (1988) Stabilities of lyophilized Staphylococcus aureus typing bacteriophages. Appl Environ Microbiol 54:2590
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the staff of the Department of Microbiology and Infection, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan, for experimental advice. They also thank Mr. Hiroki Tsurui and Mr. Masaya Ogata, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan, for their technical help. This research was supported by Research Funding Granted by Kochi University President, and by Research Funding Granted by Azabu University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Funding
This study was funded by Research Funding Granted by Kochi University President and Research Funding Granted by Azabu University.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Additional information
Handling Editor: T. K. Frey.
T. Ujihara and J. Uchiyama contributed equally to the work.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ujihara, T., Uchiyama, J., Nasukawa, T. et al. Recovery of mycobacteriophages from archival stocks stored for approximately 50 years in Japan. Arch Virol 163, 1915–1919 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-018-3788-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-018-3788-8