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Leptomonas seymouri narna-like virus 1 and not leishmaniaviruses detected in kala-azar samples from India

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Abstract

The great majority of kala-azar/visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases, which are caused by Leishmania donovani (LD), are reported in Asia. We investigated whether leishmaniaviruses (LRVs) are present in LD isolates. These dsRNA viruses contribute to hyperpathogenicity, as observed in the case of other members of the genus Leishmania. However, LRVs could not be detected in 22 Indian LD isolates tested in the present study, while 70% of these original LD isolates harboured a virus that was not of LD but instead of Leptomonas seymouri (LS) origin. LS is another protozoon that parasitizes the sandfly vector of LD. Historically, LD clinical isolates from India often showed high incidence of LS coinfection. LS was detected in 20 out of the 22 (91%) above-mentioned LD isolates. Leptomonas seymouri narna-like virus 1 (Lepsey NLV1) was identified by whole-genome sequencing in an LD-LS coinfected sample, and its presence was confirmed by PCR and sequencing in 15 (75%) of the 20 LD-LS coinfected samples. The LS-negative LD samples were also virus negative by PCR. That the human host is exposed to an RNA virus in LS, another coinfecting parasite with LD, i.e., the “LD-LS-Lepsey NLV1 triple pathogen” phenomenon, unveils a new paradigm of research towards revisiting the mysteries of Indian leishmaniasis pathogenesis and management.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge Dr. Madhumita Manna, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata, for access to the clinical isolates T2 and T8. The authors acknowledge CSIR-IICB for providing laboratory facilities for conducting the present work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR), Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India

    Soumi Sukla, Syamal Roy & Subhajit Biswas

  2. Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, 736101, India

    Syamal Roy

  3. Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221 005, India

    Shyam Sundar

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  1. Soumi Sukla
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Correspondence to Subhajit Biswas.

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Funding

The project was funded by a Grant from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) (grant BSC0114) and a J.C. Bose Fellowship (SB/S2/JCB-65/2014). S. Sukla was supported by CSIR’s Scientists’ Pool Scheme.

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The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Ethical approval and informed consent

This study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards (at par with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments) of the review boards of all relevant institutions. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the original study. All experiments were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.

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Handling editor: Tim Skern.

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Sukla, S., Roy, S., Sundar, S. et al. Leptomonas seymouri narna-like virus 1 and not leishmaniaviruses detected in kala-azar samples from India. Arch Virol 162, 3827–3835 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3559-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3559-y

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