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Noroviruses and sapoviruses associated with acute gastroenteritis in pediatric patients in Thailand: increased detection of recombinant norovirus GII.P16/GII.13 strains

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Abstract

Enteric caliciviruses, including noroviruses (NoVs) and sapoviruses (SaVs), are recognized as important etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) with considerable genetic diversity. In order to gain an overview of the molecular epidemiology of human NoVs and SaVs in children hospitalized with AGE in Chiang Mai, Thailand, a total of 889 fecal specimens were collected from 2012 to 2014 and screened for NoVs and SaVs. Out of 889 fecal specimens, 154 (17.3%) and 6 (0.7%) were positive for NoV GII isolates and SaV, respectively. Among the NoV GII, 10 different genotypes were identified with genotype GII.4 being predominant (103 strains), followed by GII.3 (17 strains), GII.13 (13 strains), GII.1 (7 strains), GII.6 (7 strains), GII.7 (2 strains), GII.17 (2 strains), and one each of GII.2, GII.15, and GII.21 genotypes. It was observed that four variants of NoV GII.4 (Den Haag 2006b, Apeldoorn 2007, New Orleans 2009, Sydney 2012) were detected from 2012 to 2014. Analysis of partial nucleotide sequences of RdRp and VP1 of the emerging NoV GII.13 strains (9 of 13 strains) revealed that they all were GII.P16/GII.13 recombinants. In addition, four different genotypes of SaV, GI.1 (2 strains), GII.1 (1 strain), GII.4 (2 strains), and GIV.1 (1 strain) were detected. The data revealed heterogeneity and a highly dynamic distribution of NoV and SaV genotypes circulating in children admitted to hospitals with AGE in Chiang Mai, Thailand, during the period of 2012 to 2014.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Center of Excellence (Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses Research Center), Chiang Mai University, Thailand (ST6392(11)/1089).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

    Pattara Khamrin, Kattareeya Kumthip, Kanittapon Supadej & Niwat Maneekarn

  2. Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Aksara Thongprachum, Shoko Okitsu, Satoshi Hayakawa & Hiroshi Ushijima

  3. Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Aksara Thongprachum, Shoko Okitsu & Hiroshi Ushijima

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  1. Pattara Khamrin
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  2. Kattareeya Kumthip
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Correspondence to Niwat Maneekarn.

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This study was approved by the Ethical Committee for Human Rights Related to Human Experimentation, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University (MIC-2557-02710).

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Khamrin, P., Kumthip, K., Supadej, K. et al. Noroviruses and sapoviruses associated with acute gastroenteritis in pediatric patients in Thailand: increased detection of recombinant norovirus GII.P16/GII.13 strains. Arch Virol 162, 3371–3380 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3501-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3501-3

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