Abstract
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV; n = 18) was identified in the Korean national surveillance program between February 2013 and April 2015, suggesting that IHNV is a major viral pathogen in cultured salmonids. By phylogeny analysis, we found that the JRt-Nagano and JRt-Shizuoka groups could each be further subdivided into three distinct subtypes. The Korean strains were genetically similar to Japanese isolates, suggesting introduction from Japan. Interestingly, the amino acid sequences of the middle glycoprotein gene show that distinct Korean subtypes have circulated, indicating that the settled IHNVs might be evolved stably in cultured salmonid farm environments.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Cha SJ, Jun YH, Lee HY, Jung JY, Cho HJ, Park MS (2012) Genotype distribution of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in Korea. J Fish Pathol 25:143–150
Dannevig BH, Falk K, Namork E (1995) Isolation of the causal virus of infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) in a long-term cell line from Atlantic salmon head kidney. J Gen Virol 76:1353–1359
Devold M, Krossory B, Aspehaug V, Nylund A (2000) Use of RT-PCR for diagnosis of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) in carrier sea trout Salmo trutta after experimental infection. Dis Aquat Organ 40:9–18
Emmenegger EJ, Meyers TR, Burton TO, Kurath G (2000) Genetic diversity and epidemiology of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in Alaska. Dis Aquat Organ 40:163–176
ICTV (2014) International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Virus taxonomy. http://icyvonline.org/virustaxonomy.asp
Jeon CH, Kim SR, Kim WS, Lee CH, Seong KB, Lee CS, Oh MJ (2011) Kim JH (2011) Monitoring of viruses in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) migrating to Korea. Arch Virol 156(6):1025–1030
Kibenge FS, Garate ON, Johnson GR, Arriagada R, Kibenge MJ, Wadowska D (2001) Isolation and identification of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) from Coho salmon in Chile. Dis Aquat Organ 45:9–18
Kim SM, Park SI (2004) Detection of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) in wild marine fishes in the coastal region of Korea. J Fish Pathol 17:1–10
Kim WS, Oh MJ, Nishizawa T, Park JW, Kurath G, Yoshimizu M (2007) Genotyping of Korean isolates of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) based on the glycoprotein gene. Arch Virol 152:2119–2124
Kurath G, Leong JC (1985) Characterization of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus mRNA species reveals a nonviron rhabdovirus protein. J Vriol 53:462–468
Kurath G, Garver KA, Troyer RM, Emmenegger EJ, Einer-Jensen K, Anderson ED (2003) Phylogeography of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus in North America. J Gen Virol 84:803–814
Langdon JS, Humphrey JD, Williams LM (1988) Outbreaks of an EHNV-like iridovirus in cultured rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, in Australia. J Fish Dis 11:93–96
Marsh IB, Whittington RJ, Hyatt AD, Chisholm O (2002) Rapid differentiation of Australian, European and American ranaviruses based on variation in major capsid protein gene sequence. Mol Cell Probes 16:137–151
Mjaaland D, Hungnes O, Teig A, Dannevig BH, Thorud K, Rimstad E (2002) Polymorphism in the infectious salmon anemia virus hemagglutinin gene; importance and possible implications for evolution and ecology of infectious salmon anemia disease. Virology 302:379–391
Mochizuki M, Kim HJ, Kasai H, Nishizawa T, Yoshimizu M (2009) Virulence change of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus against rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss with viral molecular evolution. Fish Pathol 44:159–165
Morzunov SP, Winton JR, Nichol ST (1995) The complete genome structure and phylogenetic relationship of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. Virus Res 38:175–192
Nishizawa T, Kinoshita S, Kim WS, Higashi S, Yoshimizu M (2006) Nucleotide diversity of Japanese isolates of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) based on the glycoprotein gene. Dis Aquat Organ 71:267–272
OIE (2015) World Organization for Animal Health, Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic animal. http://www.oie.int/international-standard-setting/aquatic-manual/access-online
OIE (2015) World Organization for Animal Health, Aquatic Animal Health Code. http://www.oie.int/international-standard-setting/aquatic-code/access-online
Park MA, Sohn SG, Lee SD, Chun SK, Park JW, Fryer JL, Hah YC (1993) Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus from salmonids cultured in Korea. J Fish Dis 16:471–478
Scholotfeldt HJ, Ahne W (1988) Epizootics in brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) caused by VHSV-F1. J Appl Ichthyol 4:147–148
Snow M, Bain N, Black J, Taupin V, Cunningham CO, King JA, Skall HF, Raynard RS (2004) Genetic population structure of marine viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV). Dis Aquat Organ 61:11–21
Thompson TM, Batts WN, Faisal M, Bowser P, Casey JW, Philips K, Garver KA, Winton J, Kurath G (2011) Emergence of Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in the North American Great Lakes region is associated with low viral genetic diversity. Dis Aquat Organ 96:29–43
Whittington RJ, Reddacliff LA, Marsh I, Kearns C, Zupanovic Z, Callinan RB (1999) Further observations on the epidemiology and spread of epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in southeastern Australia and a recommended sampling strategy for surveillance. Dis Aquat Organ 35:125–130
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a grant from National Institute of Fisheries Science (R2016069).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author declares no conflicts of interest.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kim, K.I., Cha, S.J., Lee, C. et al. Genetic relatedness of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) from cultured salmonids in Korea. Arch Virol 161, 2305–2310 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-2913-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-2913-9