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A single R36Q mutation in the matrix protein of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 reduces virus replication and shedding in pigeons

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Abstract

Pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) is considered an antigenic and variant of avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) that has adapted to pigeons as hosts. However, how this host-specific adaption of PPMV-1 is related to its biological characteristics is unknown. In this study, seven unique amino acids in PPMV-1 that are not present in other APMV-1 strains (n = 39 versus n = 106) were identified. R36 of the M protein was found to be not only a unique amino acid but also a positive-selection site. To investigate the role of R36 in host adaptation, a recombinant PPMV-1 with R36Q mutation was constructed. Our results indicated that the an R36Q mutation significantly attenuates pathogenicity in chickens, viral growth in both chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) and pigeon embryo fibroblasts (PEFs), and virus replication and shedding in pigeons in comparison with the wild-type virus, suggesting that R36 is a key residue that evolved during the adaptation of PPMV-1 in pigeons.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank those who have submitted genome sequences of NDV to GenBank. This work was supported by Chinese Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest (201303033, 201003012), National S&T Support Program of China (2015BAD12B03), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31172338), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31440083), the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System (nycytx-41-G07) and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China

      Haixu Xu, Qingqing Song, Jiajia Liu, Xin Cheng, Shunlin Hu, Xiaoquan Wang, Xiaowen Liu & Xiufan Liu

    2. Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China

      Haixu Xu, Qingqing Song, Jiajia Liu, Xin Cheng, Shunlin Hu, Xiaoquan Wang, Xiaowen Liu & Xiufan Liu

    3. Shandong Binzhou Wohua Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., Binzhou, 256600, China

      Jie Zhu

    4. Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, China

      Shuang Wu

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    1. Haixu Xu
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    H. Xu and Q. Song contributed equally to this work.

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    Xu, H., Song, Q., Zhu, J. et al. A single R36Q mutation in the matrix protein of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 reduces virus replication and shedding in pigeons. Arch Virol 161, 1949–1955 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-2847-2

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-2847-2

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