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Genetic and biological characterization of Muko virus, a new distinct member of the species Great Island virus (genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae), isolated from ixodid ticks in Japan

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Abstract

Among the tick-borne orbiviruses (genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae), 36 serotypes are currently classified within a single virus species, Great Island virus. In this study, we report the first characterization of a tick-borne orbivirus isolated from the tick Ixodes turdus in Japan, which we identified as a new member of the species Great Island virus. The virus isolate, designated Muko virus (MUV), replicated and induced cytopathic effects in BHK-21, Vero E6, and CCL-141 cells and caused high mortality in suckling mice after intracerebral inoculation. Full genome sequence analysis showed that MUV shared the greatest phylogenetic similarity with Tribeč virus in terms of the amino acid sequences of all viral proteins except for outer capsid protein 1 (OC1; VP4 of MUV). Analysis of genome segment 9 in MUV detected an uninterrupted open reading frame that overlaps with VP6 (Hel), which putatively encodes a molecular and functional equivalent of NS4 from Great Island virus. Our study provides new insights into the geographic distribution, genetic diversity, and evolutionary history of the members of the species Great Island virus.

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Acknowledgments

Collection of tick samples was supported by the Pest Control Division of Nishinomiya City Office and the Hunter Association of Nishinomiya City. This study was also supported by a grant-in-aid from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Research Fellowships for Young Scientists (12J09845) and, in part, by a grant-in-aid from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (H24-Shinko-Ippan-007), JSPS KAKENHI (21406012, 25305010 and 25893151) and the Research Program on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, AMED.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan

      Hiroko Ejiri, Haruhiko Isawa, Daisuke Kobayashi, Toshihiko Hayashi, Toshinori Sasaki, Mutsuo Kobayashi & Kyoko Sawabe

    2. Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuiku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan

      Chang-Kweng Lim, Yukie Yamaguchi, Mutsuyo Takayama-Ito, Hitomi Kinoshita, Satsuki Kakiuchi, Madoka Horiya, Akira Kotaki, Tomohiko Takasaki & Masayuki Saijo

    3. Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan

      Ryusei Kuwata & Ken Maeda

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    1. Hiroko Ejiri
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    Correspondence to Haruhiko Isawa.

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    H. Ejiri and C.-K. Lim contributed equally to this work as first authors.

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    705_2015_2588_MOESM1_ESM.ppt

    Supplementary Fig. 1 Alignment of the amino acid (aa) sequences of Muko virus (MUV) open reading frame (ORF)-X, Tribeč virus (TRBV) ORF-Xa and -Xb, Kemerovo virus (KEMV) ORF-Xa and -Xb, and Great Island virus (GIV) NS4 encoded in genome segment 9. The aa sequences of the overlapping ORFs in segment 9 from these four orbiviruses were aligned using GENETYX software. The ORF-Xa and -Xb sequences of TRBV and KEMV described in a previous study [20] are indicated by solid rectangles (ORF-Xa) and shaded in gray (ORF-Xb), respectively. (PPT 388 kb)

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    Supplementary material 3 (DOC 48 kb)

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    Ejiri, H., Lim, CK., Isawa, H. et al. Genetic and biological characterization of Muko virus, a new distinct member of the species Great Island virus (genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae), isolated from ixodid ticks in Japan. Arch Virol 160, 2965–2977 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-015-2588-7

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