Abstract
Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) was detected by RT-PCR in all 42 pepper sauce samples from the 10 main manufacturing provinces in China at concentrations ranging from 3.8 to 8.8 (Log10 copies/mL). Their coat protein nucleotide sequences had 97.4 to 100 % identity to each other and 92.4 to 100 % to other published isolates. The samples remained infectious to N. benthamiana, indicating that commercial trade in sauce could contribute to the natural spread of PMMoV.
References
Alonso E, Garcia-Luque I, de la Cruz A, Wicke B, Avila-Rincon MJ, Serra MT, Castresana C, Diaz-Ruiz JR (1991) Nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of pepper mild mottle virus, a resistance-breaking tobamovirus in pepper. J Gen Virol 72:2875–2884
Avila-Rincon MJ, Ferrero ML, Alonso E, Garcia-Luque I, Diaz-Ruiz JR (1989) Nucleotide sequences of 5’ and 3’ non-coding regions of pepper mild mottle virus strain S RNA. J Gen Virol 70:3025–3031
Chen J, Adams MJ (2001) A universal PCR primer to detect members of the Potyviridae and its use to examine the taxonomic status of several members of the family. Arch Virol 146:757–766
Colson P, Richet H, Desnues C, Balique F, Moal V, Grob JJ, Berbis P, Lecoq H, Harle JR, Berland Y, Raoult D (2010) Pepper mild mottle virus, a plant virus associated with specific immune responses, fever, abdominal pains, and pruritus in humans. PloS one 5:e10041
Hamza IA, Jurzik L, Uberla K, Wilhelm M (2011) Evaluation of pepper mild mottle virus, human picobirnavirus and torque teno virus as indicators of fecal contamination in river water. Water Res 45:1358–1368
Han TH, Kim SC, Kim ST, Chung CH, Chung JY (2014) Detection of norovirus genogroup IV, klassevirus, and pepper mild mottle virus in sewage samples in South Korea. Arch Virol 159:457–463
Haramoto E, Kitajima M, Kishida N, Konno Y, Katayama H, Asami M, Akiba M (2013) Occurrence of pepper mild mottle virus in drinking water sources in Japan. Appl Environ Microbiol 79:7413–7418
Rosario K, Symonds EM, Sinigalliano C, Stewart J, Breitbart M (2009) Pepper mild mottle virus as an indicator of fecal pollution. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:7261–7267
Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest (201303028) and the International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (2015DFA30700). We thank Prof. M. J. Adams, Stevenage, Herts, UK, for correcting the English of the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Peng, J., Shi, B., Zheng, H. et al. Detection of pepper mild mottle virus in pepper sauce in China. Arch Virol 160, 2079–2082 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-015-2454-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-015-2454-7