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Occurrence and genetic diversity of human cosavirus in influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plants in Arizona, United States

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Abstract

Human cosavirus (HCoSV) is a novel member of the family Picornaviridae. We investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of HCoSV in influent and effluent wastewater in Arizona over a 12-month period, from August 2011 to July 2012. HCoSV sequences were identified in six (25 %) influent samples and one (4 %) effluent sample, with the highest concentration of 3.24 × 105 and 1.54 × 103 copies/liter in influent and effluent, respectively. The strains were characterized based on their 5’ untranslated region and classified into species A and D, demonstrating that genetically heterogeneous HCoSV were circulating with a clear temporal shift of predominant strains in the study area.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Kelly Reynolds at the University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health for her laboratory contributions, and two anonymous wastewater treatment plants in southern Arizona for providing wastewater samples.

This study was partly supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Water and Environmental Technology (WET) Center, The University of Arizona.

We also wish to acknowledge the support of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) to Masaaki Kitajima, under JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research Abroad (FY 2011 no. 517). Andri T. Rachmadi is a recipient of a 2012 Fulbright Master of Science and Technology Scholarship.

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Author notes

  1. Masaaki Kitajima

    Present address: Center for Environmental Sensing and Modeling, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #09-03 CREATE Tower, Singapore, 138602, Singapore

  2. Andri T. Rachmadi

    Present address: Institute of Research and Standardization, The Ministry of Industry, Panglima Batur Barat Street No. 2, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Republic of Indonesia

  3. Brandon C. Iker

    Present address: Amway, 7575 Fulton Street East, Ada, MI, 49355-0001, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, 1117 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA

    Masaaki Kitajima, Andri T. Rachmadi, Brandon C. Iker, Ian L. Pepper & Charles P. Gerba

  2. International Research Center for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511, Japan

    Eiji Haramoto

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  1. Masaaki Kitajima
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Correspondence to Masaaki Kitajima.

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Kitajima, M., Rachmadi, A.T., Iker, B.C. et al. Occurrence and genetic diversity of human cosavirus in influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plants in Arizona, United States. Arch Virol 160, 1775–1779 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-015-2435-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-015-2435-x

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