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Molecular variability of cowpea mild mottle virus infecting soybean in Brazil

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Abstract

Molecular variability was assessed for 18 isolates of cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV, genus Carlavirus, family Betaflexiviridae) found infecting soybean in various Brazilian states (Bahia, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará) in 2001 and 2010. A variety of symptoms was expressed in soybean cv. CD206, ranging from mild (crinkle/blistering leaves, mosaic and vein clearing) to severe (bud blight, dwarfing, leaf and stem necrosis). Recombination analysis revealed only one CPMMV isolate to be recombinant. Pairwise comparisons and phylogenetic analysis were performed for partial genomes (ORF 2 to the 3’ terminus) and for each ORF individually (ORFs 2 to 6), showing the isolates to be distinct. The topology of the phylogenetic tree could be related to symptoms, but not to the year of collection or geographical origin. Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis supported the existence of two distinct strains of the virus, designated CPMMV-BR1 and CPMMV-BR2, with molecular variations between them.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by FAPEMIG (APQ-0992/09), CNPq (474112/2008-0) and Funarbe grants to CMC. LGZ was supported by a scholarship from CNPq. We are grateful to two anonymous referees and the editor Dr. Stenger for suggestions that have considerably improved the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil

    L. G. Zanardo, F. N. Silva, A. T. M. Lima, D. F. Milanesi, G. P. Castilho-Urquiza, F. M. Zerbini & C. M. Carvalho

  2. Embrapa Soja, Londrina, PR, 86001-970, Brazil

    A. M. R. Almeida

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  1. L. G. Zanardo
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  2. F. N. Silva
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  4. D. F. Milanesi
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  8. C. M. Carvalho
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Correspondence to C. M. Carvalho.

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705_2013_1879_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Two-dimensional plot representing the percent sequence identities between the 18 Brazilian cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) isolates for five open reading frames or ORFs (ORF 2, triple block genes [TGB 1]; ORF 3 [TGB 2]; ORF 4 [TGB 3]; ORF 5, coat protein [CP] and ORF 6, nucleic acid binding protein [NABP]) evaluated. Nucleotide sequence identities are above the diagonal, and amino acid sequence identities below. (TIFF 3061 kb)

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Zanardo, L.G., Silva, F.N., Lima, A.T.M. et al. Molecular variability of cowpea mild mottle virus infecting soybean in Brazil. Arch Virol 159, 727–737 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-013-1879-0

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