Abstract
Here, we report the frequency of porcine hokovirus (PHoV) infection and its co-infection with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) in China. A total of 485 domestic pig samples were tested for both PHoV and PCV2, and NS1 gene sequences from 11 PHoV strains were used for phylogenetic analysis. The prevalence of PHoV and PCV2 was 51.3 % and 36.3 %, respectively, and co-infection occurred in 20.2 %. PHoVs from the Chinese mainland showed a close relationship to those isolated in Hong Kong. Co-infection with both viruses was prevalent, and PHoV may contribute to the induction of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS).
References
Adlhoch C, Kaiser M, Ellerbrok H, Pauli G (2010) High prevalence of porcine Hokovirus in German wild boar populations. Virol J 7:171
Allan GM, Ellis JA (2000) Porcine circovirus: a review. J Vet Diagn Invest 12:3–14
Cadar D, Csagola A, Lorincz M, Tombacz K, Spinu M, Tuboly T (2011) Distribution and genetic diversity of porcine hokovirus in wild boars. Arch Virol 156:2233–2239
Chae C (2004) Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome: a review of aetiology, diagnosis and pathology. Vet J 168:41–49
Choi C, Chae C, Clark EG (2000) Porcine postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Korean pigs: detection of porcine circovirus 2 infection by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. J Vet Diagn Invest 12:151–153
Ellis J, Hassard L, Clark E, Harding J, Allan G, Willson P, Strokappe J, Martin K, McNeilly F, Meehan B, Todd D, Haines D (1998) Isolation of circovirus from lesions of pigs with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Can Vet J 39:44–51
Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselberger U, Ball LA (eds) (2005) Virus taxonomy and nomenclature of viruses. 8th report of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. Elsevier, London, pp 353–363
Fryer JF, Delwart E, Hecht FM, Bernardin F, Jones MS, Shah N, Baylis SA (2007) Frequent detection of the parvoviruses, PARV4 and PARV5, in plasma from blood donors and symptomatic individuals. Transfusion (Paris) 47:1054–1061
Fryer JF, Kapoor A, Minor PD, Delwart E, Baylis SA (2006) Novel parvovirus and related variant in human plasma. Emerg Infect Dis 12:151–154
Jones MS, Kapoor A, Lukashov VV, Simmonds P, Hecht F, Delwart E (2005) New DNA viruses identified in patients with acute viral infection syndrome. J Virol 79:8230–8236
Lau SK, Woo PC, Tse H, Fu CT, Au WK, Chen XC, Tsoi HW, Tsang TH, Chan JS, Tsang DN et al (2008) Identification of novel porcine and bovine parvoviruses closely related to human parvovirus 4. J Gen Virol 89:1840–1848
Opriessnig T, Halbur PG (2012) Concurrent infections are important for expression of porcine circovirus associated disease. Virus Res 164:20–32
Pan YY, Zeng QY, Zhu CX, Hua XG, Wang M, Pan KX, Cui L (2012) Frequency and characterization of porcine hokovirus (PHoV) in domestic pigs in eastern China. Arch Virol 157:1785–1788
Szelei J, Liu K, Li Y, Fernandes S, Tijssen P (2010) Parvovirus 4–like virus in blood products. Emerg Infect Dis 16:561–564
Tuke PW, Parry RP, Appleton H (2010) Parvovirus PARV4 visualization and detection. J Gen Virol 91(Pt2):541–544
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the National High Technology R&D program (863) of China (No. 2011AA10A208), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31101837), the Public Welfare Special Funds for Agricultural Scientific Research (No. 201203039), and the State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology (No. SKLVBP201203).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
S. Li and Y. Wei contributed equally to this article.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, S., Wei, Y., Liu, J. et al. Prevalence of porcine hokovirus and its co-infection with porcine circovirus 2 in China. Arch Virol 158, 1987–1991 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-013-1690-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-013-1690-y