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Novel ssDNA viruses discovered in yellow-crowned parakeet (Cyanoramphus auriceps) nesting material

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Abstract

During routine monitoring of yellow-crowned parakeets in the Poulter Valley of the South Island of New Zealand, a dead parakeet chick was discovered in a nest. Known parrot-infecting viruses, such as beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), avian polyomavirus (APV), and parrot hepatitis B virus (PHBV), were not detected in the nesting material. However, we recovered two novel single-stranded DNA viruses (ssDNA), CynNCXV (2308 nt) and CynNCKV (2087 nt), which have genome architectures similar to those of circoviruses, characterised by circular genomes with two large bidirectional open reading frames (ORFs). Both contain a stem-loop element with a conserved nonanucleotide motif, known to be required for rolling-circle replication. The full genomes had no BLASTn similarity to known ssDNA viruses. However, in both genomes the larger ORFs have BLAST similarity to known replication-associated proteins (Reps). CynNCKV has 30 % similarity to picobiliphyte nano-like virus (Picobiliphyte M5584-5) with 66-88 % coverage (e-value of 5×10−33), whereas CynNCXV has 33 % similarity to rodent stool-associated virus (RodSCV M-45) with 92-94 % coverage (e-value of 5 × 10−31). Found within these ORFs were the rolling-circle replication motifs I, II, III and the helicase motifs Walker A and Walker B. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the Reps reveals that these are two novel ssDNA viruses. At this point, we are unable to attribute the death of the parakeet to these two new novel ssDNA viruses.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Brian Mason Scientific & Technical Trust, New Zealand.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Ilam, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand

    Alyssa Sikorski, Anisha Dayaram & Arvind Varsani

  2. Department Of Conservation, Waimakariri Area Office, P. O. Box 349, Rangiora, New Zealand

    Jonathan Kearvell & Simon Elkington

  3. División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, 78216, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico

    Gerardo R. Argüello-Astorga

  4. Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand

    Arvind Varsani

  5. Electron Microscope Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa

    Arvind Varsani

Authors
  1. Alyssa Sikorski
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  2. Jonathan Kearvell
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  3. Simon Elkington
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  4. Anisha Dayaram
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  5. Gerardo R. Argüello-Astorga
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  6. Arvind Varsani
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arvind Varsani.

Additional information

GenBank accession numbers: CynNCKV, JX908740, CynNCXV, JX908739

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Sikorski, A., Kearvell, J., Elkington, S. et al. Novel ssDNA viruses discovered in yellow-crowned parakeet (Cyanoramphus auriceps) nesting material. Arch Virol 158, 1603–1607 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-013-1642-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-013-1642-6

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