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Frequent detection and characterization of hepatitis E virus variants in wild rats (Rattus rattus) in Indonesia

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Abstract

One hundred sixteen rats (Rattus rattus) captured in Indonesia from 2011 to 2012 were investigated for the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV)-specific antibodies and HEV RNA. Using an ELISA based on HEV genotype 4 with an ad hoc cutoff value of 0.500, 18.1 % of the rats tested positive for anti-HEV IgG. By nested RT-PCR, 14.7 % of the rats had rat HEV RNA, and none were positive for HEV genotype 1-4. A high HEV prevalence among rats was associated with lower sanitary conditions in areas with a high population density. Sixteen of the 17 HEV isolates obtained from infected rats showed >93.0 % nucleotide sequence identity within the 840-nucleotide ORF1-ORF2 sequence and were most closely related to a Vietnamese strain (85.9-87.9 % identity), while the remaining isolate differed from known rat HEV strains by 18.8-23.3 % and may belong to a novel lineage of rat HEV. These results suggest a wide distribution of rat HEV with divergent genomes.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by a grant from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Immunobiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia

    Mulyanto, Sulaiman Ngongu Depamede & Made Sriasih

  2. Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-Shi, Tochigi-Ken, 329-0498, Japan

    Masaharu Takahashi, Shigeo Nagashima, Suljid Jirintai, Tsutomu Nishizawa & Hiroaki Okamoto

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  1. Mulyanto
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  2. Sulaiman Ngongu Depamede
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hiroaki Okamoto.

Additional information

The nucleotide sequences of rat HEV isolates reported herein have been assigned DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank accession nos. AB725884-AB725900 (840 nt).

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Mulyanto, Depamede, S.N., Sriasih, M. et al. Frequent detection and characterization of hepatitis E virus variants in wild rats (Rattus rattus) in Indonesia. Arch Virol 158, 87–96 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-012-1462-0

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